Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk

postmaster at hull.ac.uk postmaster at hull.ac.uk
Sat Oct 7 22:19:44 GMT 1995


Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk

----
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From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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          id <05161-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 21:40:47 +0100
Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 21:40:46 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk

----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
===============================
Your Message:-
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          Sat, 7 Oct 1995 21:40:22 +0100
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          id PAA10762; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 15:28:33 -0400
From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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          id <03719-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 20:21:27 +0100
Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 20:21:25 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk

----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
===============================
Your Message:-
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          Sat, 7 Oct 1995 20:19:55 +0100
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          id NAA09341; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 13:44:28 -0400
From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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          id <01964-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 18:38:21 +0100
Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 18:38:19 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk

----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
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Your Message:-
Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
          Sat, 7 Oct 1995 18:38:02 +0100
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          id MAA08527; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 12:10:30 -0400
From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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          id <00197-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 17:03:35 +0100
Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 17:03:31 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk

----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
===============================
Your Message:-
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          Sat, 7 Oct 1995 17:02:20 +0100
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          id KAA07971; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 10:41:34 -0400
From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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          id <28492-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 15:35:23 +0100
Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 15:35:18 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

Hi,
 This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
and try again:-


Any questions or problems, please call or email
    Alex Sharaz
    Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk

----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
===============================
Your Message:-
Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
          Sat, 7 Oct 1995 15:34:20 +0100
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          id JAA07431; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 09:08:47 -0400
From: kozuhia at latcs1.lat.oz.au
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Message-Id: <199510071234.WAA10992 at ipc2.lat.oz.au>
Subject: Re: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 22:34:16 +1000 (EST)
In-Reply-To: <199510071214.IAA07114 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> from "postmaster at hull.ac.uk" at Oct 7, 95 01:07:51 pm
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Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu

> 
> Hi,
>  This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
> and try again:-
> 
> 
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
>     Alex Sharaz
>     Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
> 
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
>           Sat, 7 Oct 1995 13:07:14 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for diy_efi-outgoing 
>           id KAA06729; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 10:56:27 GMT
> Received: from chopin.ucc.hull.ac.uk by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu 
>           via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> 
>           id GAA06715; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 06:56:21 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510071056.GAA06715 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk           
>           id <25017-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 11:49:31 +0100
> Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 11:49:30 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> 
> Hi,
>  This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
> and try again:-
> 
> 
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
>     Alex Sharaz
>     Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
> 
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
>           Sat, 7 Oct 1995 11:48:25 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for diy_efi-outgoing 
>           id JAA06323; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 09:33:56 GMT
> Received: from chopin.ucc.hull.ac.uk by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu 
>           via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> 
>           id FAA06309; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 05:33:51 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510070933.FAA06309 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk           
>           id <23841-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 10:25:55 +0100
> Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 10:25:53 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> 
> Hi,
>  This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
> and try again:-
> 
> 
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
>     Alex Sharaz
>     Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
> 
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
>           Sat, 7 Oct 1995 10:25:12 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for diy_efi-outgoing 
>           id IAA05911; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 08:20:38 GMT
> Received: from chopin.ucc.hull.ac.uk by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu 
>           via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> 
>           id EAA05892; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 04:20:33 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510070820.EAA05892 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk           
>           id <22874-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 09:14:32 +0100
> Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 09:14:31 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> 
> Hi,
>  This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
> and try again:-
> 
> 
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
>     Alex Sharaz
>     Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
> 
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
>           Sat, 7 Oct 1995 09:14:11 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for diy_efi-outgoing 
>           id HAA05457; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 07:01:46 GMT
> Received: from chopin.ucc.hull.ac.uk by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu 
>           via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> 
>           id DAA05442; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 03:01:42 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510070701.DAA05442 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk           
>           id <21626-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 07:55:50 +0100
> Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 07:55:48 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> 
> Hi,
>  This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
> and try again:-
> 
> 
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
>     Alex Sharaz
>     Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
> 
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
>           Sat, 7 Oct 1995 07:55:31 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for diy_efi-outgoing 
>           id FAA04969; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 05:35:40 GMT
> Received: from chopin.ucc.hull.ac.uk by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu 
>           via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> 
>           id BAA04955; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 01:35:34 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510070535.BAA04955 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk           
>           id <19722-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 06:29:23 +0100
> Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 06:29:10 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> 
> Hi,
>  This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
> and try again:-
> 
> 
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
>     Alex Sharaz
>     Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
> 
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
>           Sat, 7 Oct 1995 06:28:18 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for diy_efi-outgoing 
>           id EAA04581; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 04:26:04 GMT
> Received: from chopin.ucc.hull.ac.uk by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu 
>           via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> 
>           id AAA04567; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 00:25:59 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510070425.AAA04567 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk           
>           id <18456-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 05:19:49 +0100
> Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 05:19:40 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> 
> Hi,
>  This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
> and try again:-
> 
> 
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
>     Alex Sharaz
>     Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
> 
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
>           Sat, 7 Oct 1995 05:18:59 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for diy_efi-outgoing 
>           id DAA04213; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 03:27:50 GMT
> Received: from chopin.ucc.hull.ac.uk by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu 
>           via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> 
>           id XAA04199; Fri, 6 Oct 1995 23:27:43 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510070327.XAA04199 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk           
>           id <17227-1 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 04:20:41 +0100
> Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 04:20:40 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> 
> Hi,
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> Hi,
>  This message has been generated in response to your message below.
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> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
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> 
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
>     Alex Sharaz
>     Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
> 
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> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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> 
> Hi,
>  This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
> and try again:-
> 
> 
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
>     Alex Sharaz
>     Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
> 
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> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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>           id <13482-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 01:28:05 +0100
> Date:     Sat, 7 Oct 1995 01:28:03 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject:  Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk 
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> 
> Hi,
>  This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below 
> and try again:-
> 
> 
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
>     Alex Sharaz
>     Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
> 
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> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
>           Sat, 7 Oct 1995 01:27:44 +0100
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>           id XAA03341; Fri, 6 Oct 1995 23:33:19 GMT
> Received: from ix9.ix.netcom.com by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu 
>           via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI)	for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> 
>           id TAA03327; Fri, 6 Oct 1995 19:33:13 -0400
> Received: from  by ix9.ix.netcom.com (8.6.12/SMI-4.1/Netcom)	id QAA04391;
>           Fri, 6 Oct 1995 16:32:49 -0700
> Date: Fri, 6 Oct 1995 16:32:49 -0700
> Message-Id: <199510062332.QAA04391 at ix9.ix.netcom.com>
> From: arthurok at ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
> Subject: Re: Building an MSD-CD
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> 
> You wrote: 
> >
> >Okay, I went down to the library and got everything I could on high 
> voltage
> >stuff...
> >
> >First, let's look at a spark gap. Essentially, you've got an 
> insulating gap
> >(of air in this case). The conductivity of this gap is essentially 
> miniscule
> >under normal conditions. When you hit a particular voltage (which 
> pretty much
> >has to be determined experimentally) or higher, then the electrons 
> will go
> >into a type of "avalanche" mode where the conductivity of the gap goes 
> way up
> >(alternatively, the resistance goes way down). We won't have electrons
> >accelerated fast enough to make a difference, so for our purposes, the 
> time
> >it takes for the gap to go into breakdown/avalanche mode is about 
> 10^-8 secs.
> >(about 10 nanoseconds). After this occurs, the air affected in the gap 
> will
> >be in a plasma-like state.
> >
> >Second, all capacitive high voltage impulse type circuits work by 
> feeding
> >the output of a high voltage power source to the capacitor and 
> charging it up.
> >When the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the 
> capacitor
> >rapidly dumps the charge it held. So this means we really need a high 
> voltage
> >DC-DC convertor (boost convertor). These types of circuits are also 
> known as
> >charge pumps. These things look like this:
> >
> > +----------+---Inductor-----+-----Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
> gap--+
> > |          |                |                          |              
>      |
> > +          |                |                          |              
>      |
> >Battery   Capacitor 1      Switch                    Capacitor 2       
>      |
> > -          |                |                          |              
>      |
> > |          |                |                          |              
>      |
> > 
> +----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
> ---+
> >
> >Okay, this is the basic circuit. I've deleted the usual control 
> circuitry
> >since we're not going to have to worry about creating a DC voltage of 
> X at
> >say +/-0.1 volts (this would be some sort of sensor or transformer on 
> the
> >high voltage side). Capacitor 1 is just there to smooth out the 
> battery
> >power.
> >
> >Okay, close the switch. The inductor starts charging up. Now open the 
> switch.
> >The collapsing magnetic field in the inductor continues to conduct via 
> 
> >capacitor 2. Continue toggling the switch until the spark gap reaches
> >breakdown and drains the capacitor. This is pretty much identical to 
> the
> >old flyback circuit in television sets. In practice, you'd use a high 
> voltage
> >transistor (power FET or IGBT) in place of the switch and add some 
> digital
> >controls to it for gating and such.
> >
> >If you are a mechanical engineer, the inductor and capacitor store 
> energy.
> >Since the inductor is a coil of wire, it takes time for the flow in 
> the
> >inductor to reach the peak. The diode is essentially a "one-way 
> valve". The
> >Switch is a "2-way valve" and the battery is a pump. We build up a 
> good flow
> >in the inductor, which acts like a piston; it builds up inertia (not 
> sure what
> >the fluid term for this action is). Then open the switch (2-way 
> valve). The
> >capacitor is more like a dam (holds whatever head we build up in it). 
> So
> >the flow continues out of the inductor and builds up in the capacitor 
> as long
> >as there is still inertia remaining in the inductor to drive the flow.
> >Successive cycles of the switch build up a higher and higher head in 
> the
> >capacitor until the "dam" collapses (the spark gap fires), causing the 
> charge
> >that built up in the capacitor to flow out.
> >
> >There is another variation on this circuit, as follows.
> >
> > +----------+---Switch-------+  +--Diode >|-------------+--------Spark 
> gap--+
> > |          |                |  |                       |              
>      |
> > +          |                |  |                       |              
>      |
> >Battery   Capacitor 1      Transformer               Capacitor 2       
>      |
> > -          |                |  |                       |              
>      |
> > |          |                |  |                       |              
>      |
> > +----------+----------------+  
> +-----------------------+-------------------+
> >
> >In this case, the switch-inductor circuit acts as before on the 
> transformer
> >primary. When the field collapses, the transformer secondary feeds 
> charge
> >into Capacitor 2. The difference is that the turns ratio of the 
> transformer
> >gives you an additional voltage multiplication. Other advantages are 
> isolation
> >and in DC-DC convertors, the transformer version can be smaller than 
> the
> >inductor version (not sure if this applies for this application).
> >
> >There is another version called the buck-boost convertor. In this 
> case, you
> >can get high negative voltages rather than positive voltages.
> >
> > +----------+---Switch-------+-----Diode |<-------------+--------Spark 
> gap--+
> > |          |                |                          |              
>      |
> > +          |                |                          |              
>      |
> >Battery   Capacitor 1      Inductor                  Capacitor 2       
>      |
> > -          |                |                          |              
>      |
> > |          |                |                          |              
>      |
> > 
> +----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
> ---+
> >
> >Notice that the only real change is the diode is reversed. In this 
> circuit,
> >the battery is out of the loop when the switch is open. The inductor 
> conducts
> >as before but it reverses the flow in the capacitor-spark gap circuit.
> >
> >There are also voltage multiplier ladders made out of spark gaps and
> >capacitors and also voltage multiplier ladders made out of diodes and
> >capacitors, but they are generally not as efficient in their power 
> usage as
> >the circuits above.
> >
> >When the above circuits are used as DC-DC convertors, Capacitor 2 is 
> enormous
> >so that the voltage ripple is minimized. The spark gap becomes a 
> normal load.
> >Even computer "switching power supplies" use similar convertors to the 
> above
> >circuits. A pair of resistors is attached on the "high voltage" side 
> or as
> >an additional small secondary on the transformer. This is used as the 
> input
> >to the control circuit. The control circuit usually varies the duty 
> cycle
> >(on-time to off-time of the switch) although some versions vary the 
> frequency.
> >The resulting voltages are as follows:
> >
> >Boost convertor: Vout=Vin/(1-Duty Cycle)
> >Buck-Boost: Vout=-Vin*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
> >Transformer Coupled Boost Convertor: Vout=Vin*N*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty 
> Cycle)
> >	where N is the turns ratio
> >
> it shouldnt be that difficult to build a simple dc-dc 
> converter(12v-~300vdc) and a coil switching circuit with cheap tv type
> components  the trick is to put a capacitor accross the output 
> transistor junction just like the condensor in an old fationed
> kettering type ignition circuit  thats also done in tv h.v.supplies 
> which i am familar with
> 


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