Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
postmaster at hull.ac.uk
postmaster at hull.ac.uk
Sun Oct 8 02:31:06 GMT 1995
Hi,
This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
and try again:-
Any questions or problems, please call or email
Alex Sharaz
Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
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From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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id <09265-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sun, 8 Oct 1995 01:47:27 +0100
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 1995 01:47:25 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Hi,
This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
and try again:-
Any questions or problems, please call or email
Alex Sharaz
Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
===============================
Your Message:-
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id TAA13472; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 19:32:53 -0400
From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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id <07853-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sun, 8 Oct 1995 00:25:39 +0100
Date: Sun, 8 Oct 1995 00:25:36 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Hi,
This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
and try again:-
Any questions or problems, please call or email
Alex Sharaz
Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
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Your Message:-
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id SAA12634; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 18:19:36 -0400
From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
Message-Id: <199510072219.SAA12634 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
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id <06612-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 23:12:57 +0100
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 23:12:55 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Hi,
This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
and try again:-
Any questions or problems, please call or email
Alex Sharaz
Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
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Your Message:-
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id QAA11632; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 16:47:05 -0400
From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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id <05161-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 21:40:47 +0100
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 21:40:46 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Hi,
This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
and try again:-
Any questions or problems, please call or email
Alex Sharaz
Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
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Your Message:-
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id PAA10762; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 15:28:33 -0400
From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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id <03719-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 20:21:27 +0100
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 20:21:25 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Hi,
This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
and try again:-
Any questions or problems, please call or email
Alex Sharaz
Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
===============================
Your Message:-
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id NAA09341; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 13:44:28 -0400
From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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id <01964-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 18:38:21 +0100
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 18:38:19 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Hi,
This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
and try again:-
Any questions or problems, please call or email
Alex Sharaz
Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
===============================
Your Message:-
Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
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id MAA08527; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 12:10:30 -0400
From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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id <00197-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 17:03:35 +0100
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 17:03:31 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Hi,
This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
and try again:-
Any questions or problems, please call or email
Alex Sharaz
Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
===============================
Your Message:-
Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
Sat, 7 Oct 1995 17:02:20 +0100
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id KAA07971; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 10:41:34 -0400
From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
Message-Id: <199510071441.KAA07971 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
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id <28492-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 15:35:23 +0100
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 15:35:18 +0100
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Hi,
This message has been generated in response to your message below.
The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
and try again:-
Any questions or problems, please call or email
Alex Sharaz
Voice +44 1482 465700
Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
----
===============================
/usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
===============================
Your Message:-
Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
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id JAA07431; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 09:08:47 -0400
From: kozuhia at latcs1.lat.oz.au
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Message-Id: <199510071234.WAA10992 at ipc2.lat.oz.au>
Subject: Re: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 22:34:16 +1000 (EST)
In-Reply-To: <199510071214.IAA07114 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu> from "postmaster at hull.ac.uk" at Oct 7, 95 01:07:51 pm
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Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
>
> Hi,
> This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
> and try again:-
>
>
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
> Alex Sharaz
> Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
>
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
> Sat, 7 Oct 1995 13:07:14 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI) for diy_efi-outgoing
> id KAA06729; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 10:56:27 GMT
> Received: from chopin.ucc.hull.ac.uk by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI) for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> id GAA06715; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 06:56:21 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510071056.GAA06715 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk
> id <25017-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 11:49:31 +0100
> Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 11:49:30 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
>
> Hi,
> This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
> and try again:-
>
>
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
> Alex Sharaz
> Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
>
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
> Sat, 7 Oct 1995 11:48:25 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI) for diy_efi-outgoing
> id JAA06323; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 09:33:56 GMT
> Received: from chopin.ucc.hull.ac.uk by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI) for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> id FAA06309; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 05:33:51 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510070933.FAA06309 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk
> id <23841-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 10:25:55 +0100
> Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 10:25:53 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
>
> Hi,
> This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
> and try again:-
>
>
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
> Alex Sharaz
> Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
>
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
> Sat, 7 Oct 1995 10:25:12 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI) for diy_efi-outgoing
> id IAA05911; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 08:20:38 GMT
> Received: from chopin.ucc.hull.ac.uk by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI) for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> id EAA05892; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 04:20:33 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510070820.EAA05892 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk
> id <22874-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 09:14:32 +0100
> Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 09:14:31 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
>
> Hi,
> This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
> and try again:-
>
>
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
> Alex Sharaz
> Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
>
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
> Sat, 7 Oct 1995 09:14:11 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI) for diy_efi-outgoing
> id HAA05457; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 07:01:46 GMT
> Received: from chopin.ucc.hull.ac.uk by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI) for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> id DAA05442; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 03:01:42 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510070701.DAA05442 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk
> id <21626-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 07:55:50 +0100
> Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 07:55:48 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
>
> Hi,
> This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
> and try again:-
>
>
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
> Alex Sharaz
> Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
>
> ----
> ===============================
> /usr/local/bin/osimail: Command not found
> ===============================
> Your Message:-
> Received: from coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu by chopin with SMTP internet(PP);
> Sat, 7 Oct 1995 07:55:31 +0100
> Received: by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI) for diy_efi-outgoing
> id FAA04969; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 05:35:40 GMT
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> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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> id <19722-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 06:29:23 +0100
> Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 06:29:10 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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> Hi,
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> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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> id <18456-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 05:19:49 +0100
> Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 05:19:40 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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> Hi,
> This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
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>
>
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
> Alex Sharaz
> Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
>
> ----
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> id XAA04199; Fri, 6 Oct 1995 23:27:43 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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> id <17227-1 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 04:20:41 +0100
> Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 04:20:40 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
>
> Hi,
> This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
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>
>
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
> Alex Sharaz
> Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
>
> ----
> ===============================
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> id WAA03904; Fri, 6 Oct 1995 22:25:32 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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> id <15729-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 03:18:41 +0100
> Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 03:18:40 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
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>
> Hi,
> This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
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>
>
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
> Alex Sharaz
> Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
>
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> id VAA03701; Fri, 6 Oct 1995 21:33:43 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
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> id <14506-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 02:24:10 +0100
> Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 02:24:08 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
>
> Hi,
> This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
> and try again:-
>
>
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
> Alex Sharaz
> Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
>
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> ===============================
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> id UAA03493; Fri, 6 Oct 1995 20:34:42 -0400
> From: postmaster at hull.ac.uk
> Message-Id: <199510070034.UAA03493 at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> Received: from hull.ac.uk by mailhub1.hull.ac.uk
> id <13482-0 at mailhub1.hull.ac.uk>; Sat, 7 Oct 1995 01:28:05 +0100
> Date: Sat, 7 Oct 1995 01:28:03 +0100
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Subject: Mail for:- n.mulvana at e-eng.hull.ac.uk
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
>
> Hi,
> This message has been generated in response to your message below.
> The central mail system is unable to deliver your message
> as there are a number of people with the same initials and surnames.
> Please select the appropriate e-mail address from the list shown below
> and try again:-
>
>
> Any questions or problems, please call or email
> Alex Sharaz
> Voice +44 1482 465700
> Janet:A.Sharaz at uk.ac.hull.ucc
> Internet:A.Sharaz at ucc.hull.ac.uk
>
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> Sat, 7 Oct 1995 01:27:44 +0100
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> id XAA03341; Fri, 6 Oct 1995 23:33:19 GMT
> Received: from ix9.ix.netcom.com by coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/940406.SGI) for <DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu>
> id TAA03327; Fri, 6 Oct 1995 19:33:13 -0400
> Received: from by ix9.ix.netcom.com (8.6.12/SMI-4.1/Netcom) id QAA04391;
> Fri, 6 Oct 1995 16:32:49 -0700
> Date: Fri, 6 Oct 1995 16:32:49 -0700
> Message-Id: <199510062332.QAA04391 at ix9.ix.netcom.com>
> From: arthurok at ix.netcom.com (ARTHUR OKUN )
> Subject: Re: Building an MSD-CD
> To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Sender: owner-diy_efi at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
> Precedence: bulk
> Reply-To: DIY_EFI at coulomb.eng.ohio-state.edu
>
> You wrote:
> >
> >Okay, I went down to the library and got everything I could on high
> voltage
> >stuff...
> >
> >First, let's look at a spark gap. Essentially, you've got an
> insulating gap
> >(of air in this case). The conductivity of this gap is essentially
> miniscule
> >under normal conditions. When you hit a particular voltage (which
> pretty much
> >has to be determined experimentally) or higher, then the electrons
> will go
> >into a type of "avalanche" mode where the conductivity of the gap goes
> way up
> >(alternatively, the resistance goes way down). We won't have electrons
> >accelerated fast enough to make a difference, so for our purposes, the
> time
> >it takes for the gap to go into breakdown/avalanche mode is about
> 10^-8 secs.
> >(about 10 nanoseconds). After this occurs, the air affected in the gap
> will
> >be in a plasma-like state.
> >
> >Second, all capacitive high voltage impulse type circuits work by
> feeding
> >the output of a high voltage power source to the capacitor and
> charging it up.
> >When the voltage reaches the breakdown voltage of the spark gap, the
> capacitor
> >rapidly dumps the charge it held. So this means we really need a high
> voltage
> >DC-DC convertor (boost convertor). These types of circuits are also
> known as
> >charge pumps. These things look like this:
> >
> > +----------+---Inductor-----+-----Diode >|-------------+--------Spark
> gap--+
> > | | | |
> |
> > + | | |
> |
> >Battery Capacitor 1 Switch Capacitor 2
> |
> > - | | |
> |
> > | | | |
> |
> >
> +----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
> ---+
> >
> >Okay, this is the basic circuit. I've deleted the usual control
> circuitry
> >since we're not going to have to worry about creating a DC voltage of
> X at
> >say +/-0.1 volts (this would be some sort of sensor or transformer on
> the
> >high voltage side). Capacitor 1 is just there to smooth out the
> battery
> >power.
> >
> >Okay, close the switch. The inductor starts charging up. Now open the
> switch.
> >The collapsing magnetic field in the inductor continues to conduct via
>
> >capacitor 2. Continue toggling the switch until the spark gap reaches
> >breakdown and drains the capacitor. This is pretty much identical to
> the
> >old flyback circuit in television sets. In practice, you'd use a high
> voltage
> >transistor (power FET or IGBT) in place of the switch and add some
> digital
> >controls to it for gating and such.
> >
> >If you are a mechanical engineer, the inductor and capacitor store
> energy.
> >Since the inductor is a coil of wire, it takes time for the flow in
> the
> >inductor to reach the peak. The diode is essentially a "one-way
> valve". The
> >Switch is a "2-way valve" and the battery is a pump. We build up a
> good flow
> >in the inductor, which acts like a piston; it builds up inertia (not
> sure what
> >the fluid term for this action is). Then open the switch (2-way
> valve). The
> >capacitor is more like a dam (holds whatever head we build up in it).
> So
> >the flow continues out of the inductor and builds up in the capacitor
> as long
> >as there is still inertia remaining in the inductor to drive the flow.
> >Successive cycles of the switch build up a higher and higher head in
> the
> >capacitor until the "dam" collapses (the spark gap fires), causing the
> charge
> >that built up in the capacitor to flow out.
> >
> >There is another variation on this circuit, as follows.
> >
> > +----------+---Switch-------+ +--Diode >|-------------+--------Spark
> gap--+
> > | | | | |
> |
> > + | | | |
> |
> >Battery Capacitor 1 Transformer Capacitor 2
> |
> > - | | | |
> |
> > | | | | |
> |
> > +----------+----------------+
> +-----------------------+-------------------+
> >
> >In this case, the switch-inductor circuit acts as before on the
> transformer
> >primary. When the field collapses, the transformer secondary feeds
> charge
> >into Capacitor 2. The difference is that the turns ratio of the
> transformer
> >gives you an additional voltage multiplication. Other advantages are
> isolation
> >and in DC-DC convertors, the transformer version can be smaller than
> the
> >inductor version (not sure if this applies for this application).
> >
> >There is another version called the buck-boost convertor. In this
> case, you
> >can get high negative voltages rather than positive voltages.
> >
> > +----------+---Switch-------+-----Diode |<-------------+--------Spark
> gap--+
> > | | | |
> |
> > + | | |
> |
> >Battery Capacitor 1 Inductor Capacitor 2
> |
> > - | | |
> |
> > | | | |
> |
> >
> +----------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------
> ---+
> >
> >Notice that the only real change is the diode is reversed. In this
> circuit,
> >the battery is out of the loop when the switch is open. The inductor
> conducts
> >as before but it reverses the flow in the capacitor-spark gap circuit.
> >
> >There are also voltage multiplier ladders made out of spark gaps and
> >capacitors and also voltage multiplier ladders made out of diodes and
> >capacitors, but they are generally not as efficient in their power
> usage as
> >the circuits above.
> >
> >When the above circuits are used as DC-DC convertors, Capacitor 2 is
> enormous
> >so that the voltage ripple is minimized. The spark gap becomes a
> normal load.
> >Even computer "switching power supplies" use similar convertors to the
> above
> >circuits. A pair of resistors is attached on the "high voltage" side
> or as
> >an additional small secondary on the transformer. This is used as the
> input
> >to the control circuit. The control circuit usually varies the duty
> cycle
> >(on-time to off-time of the switch) although some versions vary the
> frequency.
> >The resulting voltages are as follows:
> >
> >Boost convertor: Vout=Vin/(1-Duty Cycle)
> >Buck-Boost: Vout=-Vin*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty Cycle)
> >Transformer Coupled Boost Convertor: Vout=Vin*N*(Duty Cycle)/(1-Duty
> Cycle)
> > where N is the turns ratio
> >
> it shouldnt be that difficult to build a simple dc-dc
> converter(12v-~300vdc) and a coil switching circuit with cheap tv type
> components the trick is to put a capacitor accross the output
> transistor junction just like the condensor in an old fationed
> kettering type ignition circuit thats also done in tv h.v.supplies
> which i am familar with
>
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