Jargon and efi reference
SRavet at bangate.compaq.com
SRavet at bangate.compaq.com
Fri Sep 8 16:05:06 GMT 1995
I've added some of the recent abbreviations to the reference file, and some
other things. Here it is for your dining pleasure...
--steve
ps please send me suggestions/corrections
sravet at bangate.compaq.com
A list of references on Engine Management
Currently maintained by Steve Ravet
sravet at bangate.compaq.com
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Books
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Adler, Ulrich, _Electronic Gasoline Fuel-Injection System with Lambda
Closed-Loop Control, L-Jetronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH,
copyright 1985, ISBN 1-85-226008-4. (yellow book, 20 numbered pages; this
is written on the back cover: "English translation of the German edition
dated: September 1985.")
Adler, Ulrich, _Mechanical Gasoline Fuel-Injection System with Lambda
Closed-Loop Control, K-Jetronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH,
copyright 1981, ISBN 1-85-226030-0. (yellow book, 24 numbered pages; this
is written on the back cover: "English translation of the 2nd German
edition dated: September 1985.")
Adler, Ulrich, _Combined Ignition and Fuel-Injection System with Lambda
Closed-Loop Control, Motronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH,
copyright 1985, ISBN 1-85-226009-2. (yellow book, 44 numbered pages; this
is written on the back cover: "English translation of the 2nd German
edition
from September 1985.")
Adler et al, "Automotive Electric/Electronic Systems", Robert
Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany, ISBN 0-89883-509-7, 1988.
This is the "red" handbook.
Covers all forms of automotive systems. Good general reading with
excellent coverage of basic functions like starters, alternators,
ignition, sparkplugs. Covers some detail of Bosch's fuel injection
systems. Available from the SAE on sale for $19 (order B-528).
Adler et al, "Automotive Handbook, 3rd Edition", Robert Bentley,
Cambridge, MA, ISBN 0-8376-0330-7, 1993.
+ This is the "blue" handbook which used to be pocket size.
Covers all forms of automotive design and systems. Good reference
source, but expressed in metric. Has conversion tables. Covers
materials well. Some data on emissions (478-489) similar to 2nd
Edition. Also has data on some of the representative automobiles from
various world companies in back section. Available from the SAE for
$29 (order BOSCH3). Price for SAE members is $23.
_Bosch Electronic Fuel Injection Systems, Shop Manual_, , Motorbooks
International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1986, ISBN 0-87938-237-6.
(maintenance manual for Audi, BMW, Cadillac, Datsun, Mercedes, Opel,
Porsche, Renault, Saab, Volkswagen, and Volvo, model years 1970 - 1979).
DaRosa -- Fundamentals of Energy Processes
Very general, with an excellent chapter or two on combustion, and
lots of other source of energy discussion. $60
Jeff Hartman,"Fuel injection - Installation, Performance tuning,
Modifications" ISBN 0-87938-743-2
Publisher Motorbooks international, PO Box 1, Osceola, WI 54020
1-800-826-6600 (in the US), Reccomended Price $19.95 US.
Probably the best value for money book on EFI. The book has snippets
of everything - If it had detail on all the subjects it mentioned
it would be the definitive reference. The Audience is intended as
street rodders mainly, but there are good bits and peices for the
DIY_EFI'er - Reccomended reading.
Heywood, J.B., "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals", McGraw-Hill,
USA, ISBN 0-07-028637-x, 1988.
College text on IC engine design and theory. General reference on
engine topics. Also contains many references to other works. Available
from the SAE for $69 (order B-526).
Lenz, D.H.P., "Mixture Formation in Spark-Ignition Engines", SAE,
Warrendale, PA, ISBN 1-56091-188-3, 1992.
Excellent text on carbureation, combustion and fuel infection concepts.
Some important data on emissions (70-74, 249-251) with description of
trends over years. This book also published by Springer-Verlag/Wien,
NY, who translated it from German (Lenz, Gemischbildung bei Ottomotoren)
in 1990. Available from SAE on sale for $55 (order R-113). Price for
SAE members is $45. I actually bought a copy for $39 at the SAE Congress
last month.
Mitchell International, Inc., _Mitchell's Electronic Fuel Injection
Troubleshooting Guide: Import Vehicles_, Fisher Books, Tucson, Arizona,
1989, ISBN 1-55561-031-5. (chapter contents include Bosch D, K, KE, L,
LH, and Digifant (Japanese and European); Daihatsu; Honda PGM-FI;
Isuzu I-TEC; Lucas-Bosch; Mazda RE-EGI; Mitsubishi ECI and MPFI; Nissan
TBI; Subaru SPFI; this book has the EFI system wiring diagrams of many
import cars.)
Mitchell International, Inc., _Mitchell's Electronic Fuel Injection
Troubleshooting Guide: Domestic Vehicles, Fisher Books, Tucson, Arizona,
1991, ISBN 1-55561-032-3. (chapter contents include AMC/Jeep; AMC;
AMC/RENIX; AMC/RENIX II; Bosch; Chrysler; Eagle; Ford; GM; this book has
the EFI system wiring diagrams of many domestic cars.)
Norbye, Jan P., _Automotive Fuel Injection Systems, A Technical Guide_,
Motorbooks International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1981, ISBN 0-87938-139-6.
(primarily a history and description of fuel injection systems, includes
chapters on Bosch Mechanical Systems for Mercedes-Benz Cars, Kugelfischer
Fuel Injection, Rochester Fuel Injection, The Bendix Electrojector, Cadillac
and the Bendix Analog and Digital Fuel-Injection Systems, Bosch L- and K-
Jetronic, Motronic, Mono-Jetronic, Lucas Digital Fuel Injection, Chrysler's
Single-Point Injection; Ford's Electronic Engine Control System, Zenith
Fuel-Management Systems, Fiat/Marelli Experimental System, Bosch / Pierburg
Electronic Carburetor, Aftermarket Fuel Injection)
Probst, C.O., "Bosch Fuel Injection & Engine Management", Robert
Bentley, Cambridge, MA, ISBN 0-8376-0300-5, 1989.
Covers most of the Bosch systems from D-Jetronic through Motronic.
Covers variety of vehicles. Has good section in begining on combustion
and emissions information, but a better description is in other BOSCH
texts and sources. Available from the SAE on sale for $19 (order B-557).
Probst, C.O., "How to Understand, Service and Modify Ford Fuel
Injection and Electronic Engine Control", Robert Bentley, Cambridge, MA,
ISBN 0-8376-0301-3, 1993.
Covers basic engine control theory and Ford systems to 1988.
Excellent book on topic. Similar to author's other work on Bosch
systems. Available from SAE for $30 (order B-584).
Ribbens, William B., Mansour, Norman P., et al, _Understanding Automotive
Electronics_, third edition, Howard W. Sams & Company, Indianapolis,
Indiana,
1988, ISBN 0-672-27064-6. (Contents includes Automotive Fundamentals, The
Systems Approach to Control and Instrumentation, Electronics Fundamentals,
Microcomputer Instrumentation and Control, Sensors and Actuators, The Basics
of Electronic Engine Control, Digital Engine Control System, Vehicle Motion
Control, Automotive Instrumentation, Diagnostics, Future Automotive
Electronics Systems)
Watson, B., "How to Tune and Modify Bosch Fuel Injection", Motorbooks
International, Osceola, WI, ISBN 0-87938-570-7, 1992.
Covers most of the Bosch systems from D-Jetronic through LH-Jetronic.
Mainly aimed at VW. Has good section in begining on testing electronic
components. Minimal amount of emissions information - better description
is in other BOSCH texts and sources. Cost $19.95 in 1994.
Watson, Ben, _How to Tune and Modify Ford Fuel Injection_, Motorbooks
International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1992, ISBN 0-87938-621-5. ("For
Fuel-Injected Ford Cars and Trucks with EEC III and EEC IV Engine
Maintenance
Systems," chapters include History of Fuel Injection, Brief Overview of
Electronics, Tools, Tuning the Fuel-injected Engine, Automotive Emissions,
EEC III, EEC IV Components and Operation, EEC IV Onboard Diagnostics,
Troubleshooting by Symptom, Performance Modifications, Legalities of Engine
Modification; the performance chapter is weak, only 10 pages).
Watson, Ben, _How to Repair and Modify Chevrolet Fuel Injection, Motorbooks
International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1991, ISBN 0-87938-502-2.
Electronic controls and sensors: proceedings of the SAE International
Congress and Exposition (1992: Detroit, MI). ISBN 1-56091-215-4.
This book is 120 pages long. Unfortunately, I do not have it (yet) as
it is in an ATT library in NJ whereas I'm in IL! If you choose to purchase
it, the ISBN and title should be sufficient for a bookstore to track it
down. I recall this book has some articles on nifty research done in
universities in Europe on adaptive controls and some stuff on a truly
exotic oxygen sensor which allows more than bang-bang control of the
a/f mixture.
Laser/Talon Tech Info Manual
Call 1-800-626-1523 and ask for the 1990 Laser/Talon Tech Info Manual
part number 81-699-9039. Shipping will probably be more than the
cost of this ~200 page book. They take plastic.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Papers
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SAE (412)776-4970
SAE (412)776-0790 FAX
750346 -- HEI-A New Ignition System Through New Technology
It covers the charge time question as well at their solution. If you've not
yet read the paper, it describes some really clever innovations:
adjustable dwell depending on how near saturation, a 5.5 amp limit in
the driver so you could have a low resistance for fast saturation times at
high speeds, but that wouldn't fry at low speeds.
790742 --
Readable paper on the Ford CFI 5.0L 1980 cars. It covers most of
the 'twiddle factors' required to get the vehicle running properly.
800164 --
Covers GM TBI system. Easy reading.
810449 -- Mathematical Model of a Throttle Body Fuel Injection System
Discusses effect of battery voltage on injectors and fuel pump pressure
810494 --
810495 --
800468 -- _Hot Wire Air Mass Meter - A New Air Flow Meter for Gasoline
Fuel Injection Systems_,Sauer, Rudolf, 1980, ISSN 0148-7191.
(The author is from Bosch. This paper appears to be one of the first on MAF
meters - the classical Bosch design with the thin platinum wire in the
direct air flow. It has many equations explaining its operation.)
830615 -- _Hot Wire Air Flow Meter for Engine Control System_,
Nishimura, Yutaka; Ohyama, Yoshishige; Sasayama, Takao; et al., 1983, ISSN
0148-7191. (The authors are from Hitachi Ltd. This paper describes the
Hitachi type MAF, which measures air flow in a bypass air passage. I believe
that this type of MAF is being used on Ford cars, starting with the Mustang
GT in 1987.)
840137 -- _Bosch Mass Air Flow Meter: Status and Further Aspects_,
Sumai, Jaihind, and Sauer, Rudolf, 1984. (The authors are from Bosch. This
paper discusses flow passages, air flow around the thermal element, use of
wire grid in the air flow stream, mechanical forces on the sensor element,
dirt build up on the thermal sensor element, response rate, velocity profiles,
and influence of altitude on intake manifold pulsations. Actual test data is
provided.)
880561 -- Frequency Domain Characterization of Mass Flow Sensors,
by W. C. Follmer, 1988.
890298 -- _Switching Controlled Thermal Mass Air Flow Sensor_, Tanimoto, Kohji;
Bessho, Mikio; Inada, Masanori; 1989, ISSN 0148-7191. (Reprinted from
SP-771 - _Sensors and Actuators: 1989_. Authors are from Mitsubishi Electric.
This paper discusses a typical MAF meter using a switching transistor to
supply the voltage to the heated wire. This reduces power consumption. The
output of the meter is a digital signal, with the pulse width related to the
flow rate. One advantage of this type of meter is that the EFI computer
does not need an analog to digital converter to acquire the data - it can use
a digital counter.)
890301 -- _A Hot Wire Air Flow Meter for Intake Air Flow Measurement_,Nishimura,
Yutaka; Ohyama, Yoshishige; et al., 1989, ISSN 0148-7191.
(The authors are from Hitachi, Ltd. This paper "outlines the development
status of the Hitachi hot wire air flow meter." Also covered are "approaches
to improve response time" and "to avoid deterioration in the measurement
accuracy caused by dirt deposits on the hot wire probe.")
890459 -- _Combined Boost Pressure and Knock Control System for S.I. Engines
Including 3-D Maps for Control Parameters_, Rohde, Siegfried, and Philipp, Matthias,
1989, ISSN 0148-7191. (Reprinted from SP-780, _Power Boost:
Light, Medium, and Heavy Duty Engines_. Authors are from Bosch. This paper
discusses the Motronic EFI system with knock sensor and turbo boost pressure
control; good info on control methods.)
900258 -- _Hot Wire Air Flow Meter for Engine Control Systems_, Takahashi, Ken;
Tsuruoka, Shigeo; Nishimura, Yutaka; et al., 1990, ISSN 0148-7191.
(The authors are from Hitachi Ltd. This paper discusses a new type of wire
probe, resulting in improved response time.)
900259 -- _Advanced Design for Bypass Type of Hot-Wire Air Flow Meter_,
Arai, Nobukatsu; Sekine, Yoshihito; et al., 1990, ISSN 0148-7191.
(Reprinted from SP-805 - _Sensors and Actuators 1990_. Authors are from
Hitachi. This paper discusses a bypass type MAF meter integrated into a
throttle body.)
900488 -- _Combustion Knock Sensing: Sensor Selection and Application Issues_,
Dues, Steven M.; Adams, Joseph M., Shinkle, George A., 1990,
ISSN 0148-7191. (The authors are from Delco Remy Div., General Motors Corp.
This paper discusses basic knock phenomena, sensor types, application issues,
process flowchart, location selection, sensor selection criteria, sensor
comparisons, popular misconceptions.)
900616 -- Mean Value Modelling of Spark Ignition Engines, by Hendricks
and Sorenson, 1990.
900780 -- _On-Chip Realtime Operating System for the Engine Control System_,
Matsubara, Shoji; Kuwahara, Takashi; Gerhard, F. Bruce; 1990, ISSN
0148-7191. (The authors are from NEC Electronics. Discusses the "NEC
uPD78602 16-Bit Single-Chip Microcomputer that incorporates a real-time
operating system as firmware (alias Realtime Task Manager: RTM) as an
example.")
910258 --
Discusses modeling intake manifold and fuel film dynamics.
910501 -- Sasayama, et al.
Describes alternative methods of using O2 sensors
920289
Modeling, filtering, and closed loop control?
930352 -- Wang, et.al.
Describes alternative methods of using O2 sensors
930856 --
Operating characteristics of Zirconia sensors.
940373 "Adaptive Air-Fuel Ratio Control of a Spark-Ignition Engine"
940379 --
Describes a new pressure sensor that they use for misfire detection,
knock control, ignition control, etc. I have a feeling that you may
be seeing these in pass. cars in the not too distant future. Still
some signal processing circuitry required but the price has to be
better than a PCB or Kistler unit.
950531 -- Brialsford, et al.
Describes alternative methods of using O2 sensors
FISITA -- Adaptive Transient Air-Fuel Ratio Control to Minimize Gasoline
Engine Emissions, by Beaumont, Noble, and Scarisbrick, 1992.
HS3000 -- Complete specification of OBD-II
--
Describes an experiment performed by the EPA wherein they discover that
O2 sensors in fact do not sense O2 until they reach 800 degrees C.
Until that point they measure H and CO.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Parts
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ACH-04-08 Amp
This is a 3-axis accelerometer
(y-axis, z-axis, and rotational acceleration around z-axis) that is fully
programmable. You can read only 1 axis at a time in either digital or
analog format. y-axis sensitivity is 1.5 mV/g, z-axis is 12 mV/g, and
rotational is 0.3 mV/rad/s^2. I don't have time to quote the entire data
sheet but I think is has programmable gain (ie. ranges). I was wrong
about the price: it is $30 (maybe I was thinking $10 per axis?). Oh yeah,
this data sheet and price is preliminary.
HIP9010 Harris Semiconductor
An integrated knock sensor signal processor. This thing (HIP9010) is
controlled by a microprocessor bus port, and does programmable gain,
filtering, windowing and integration. It produces an analog output
voltage for knock amplitude.
MC3484-S4
Fuel injector driver. They cost about $4.50 each from Hamilton-Avnet,
but you have to buy at least 40 or 50 at a time.
LM1964
An amplifier designed especially for amplifying O2 sensor signals.
It's in National's special purpose devices book (Linear 3).
LM9044
Lambda Sensor Interface Amplifier
Nat'l C
LM1949 Injector Drive Controller
SAMTEC makes QFP to PGC Adapter boards for a variety of QFP Packages.
Chip Specific Adapters "SPEC" for a variety of Motorola and Intel Chips,
SAMTEC phn 800 726-8329.
CSP3000 -- Signal processor for automotive applications
The Car Signal Processor (CSP3000) is a signal processor designed for use
in automotive applications. 24 analog inputs and 8 PWM outputs represent
the interfaces with the analog world. The digital, 12 bits wide I/O port
and two serial bus interfaces permit the exchange of digital data within
the application or between processors.
FEATURES OF THE CSP:
- 12 Bit RISC processor (FP)
- 256 words of internal RAM (12 bit)
- 2048 works of internal ROM (20 bit)
- internal clock generator
- 12 Bidirectional IO lines
- 2 serial ports
- up to 24 analog inputs
- 8 PWM outputs
- up to 24 digital inputs
- all digital inputs with hysteresis
- 2 independant RESET pins for FP and PWM system
- PLCC 68 package
- EMU version available in 132 pin LLCC package
MC68332 -- CPU32 modular controller
The MC68332 is one of a Motrola's family of modular architecture
controller chips. The '332 contains the following modules:
* CPU32, a 32bit M68000 style processor with all 68020 functionality
except the bitfield operations.
* TPU, a 16 bit RISC time processing unit that has 16 I/O pins
and can independently perform all sorts of time functions such as
PWM, period measurement, position synchronized pulse generation,
missing pulse detection, etc (great for engine management).
* QSM, a serial module that contains one standard asynchronous serial
port and one synchronous port.
* SIM, a system integration module that does chip selects, etc.
* 2K of onboard static ram.
67F687
The 67F687 is a high performance MSICs ( Mixed Signal Integrated Circuit )
designed to work with a microprocessor in an engine management system. Using two
sensor inputs (crank and cam), the 67F687 tracks engine position through one or
two complete revolutions with a resolution of 0.25 degrees. Designed to be
flexible, the 67F687 will accept a variety of sensor types and pulse patterns.
It generates ignition and injection output pulses based on position and time
parameters supplied by the host microprocessor, relieving it of many of the real
time interrupt routines associated with these tasks. These outputs can directly
drive power devices to actuate automotive ignition coils and fuel injectors. A
sense input from each device allows individual diagnostics, short circuit
protection and ignition coil current limiting. A timer, which measures coil
charge time at the ignition sense inputs, enhances closed loop dwell control.
Communication with a host microprocessor is through a parallel data and address
bus. A general purpose parallel I/O port offers level sensitive input and output
capability, in addition to edge detect inputs and PWM outputs.
Silicon Systems
Automotive Products
14351 Myford Road
Tustin, CA 92680 USA
Attn: Tony Anderson
Electro Corp.
1845 - 57th Street
Sarasota, FL
34243
voice: 813-355-8411
fax: 813-355-3120
A complete line of sensors.
MC3334 Ignition controller chip.
It's an 8-pin DIP that uses a sensing capacitor to determine if the
coil was completely charged for the last spark. It adjusts the dwell
for the next spark accordingly.
CS-452 and CS-453 Injector drivers
In the Cherry Semiconductor Automotive IC Data Book (1992), they list an
"injector solenoid driver." The part number is CS-452 (2.4A peak current),
and the CS-453 (4.4 A peak current). These parts appear to be equivalents
to the Motorola MC3484S2-2 and MC3484S4-2, respectively. The pinout and
package are the same. Comparison of the specs shows identical performance.
I have no idea what these cost, or if they are still available.
HIP 7030A0 and HIP7020 OBD-II/J1850 drivers
Harris has a complete and inexpensive line of OBD_II SAE J1850 comm
protocol IC's. The protocols are too complex for a mail post (unless I
had a week to write...) but the SAE publication HS-3000 is the complete
shebang...One of the harris IC's is the HIP7030A0... It is a 68HC05 cpu
with SENDEC, crc generation etc... It only requires code and the HIP7020
Bus tranceiver chip.
CA3228
Harris Semiconductor -- A complete DIY cruise control less switches and
servo. Requires a bare minimum of external components.
MGP20N40CL
The Motorola MGP20N40CL is a nice IGBT for ignition coil drive.
It has internal clamping diodes for voltage protection (400V)
and can handle 20 amps. In practice, with peak coil currents
of 10A, it only needs a small heat sink. You can drive it directly
from a 5V CMOS output.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Software
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
PADS -- Circuit layout software.
Has all the symbols, 68000, 8031, 80x86, TTL, CMOS, etc. It seems easy
to add to this as well. Outputs Gerber, Postscript, etc. Got the copy
I have off a CDROM. Walnut Creek Simtel 10/93 collection. Anyway, try
ftp.uu.net, wuarchive.wustl.edu, ftp.funet.fi etc. The directory at
ftp.uu.net should be /system/msdos/simtel/cad. The files are padslib.zip,
padslog.zip, padspcb.zip. Dunno what the versions are.
RTEMS -- Real time OS
You can ftp it from lancelot.gcs.redstone.army.mil in /pub/rtems. Look
for version 3.1.03.
GCC -- DOS hosted cross compiler for 68000 series CPUs
There are now binaries (and the changed source files for anyone interested)
available via anon. ftp. The binaries are gcc 2.6.0 for djgpp (msdos) host
and 68000 family embedded target. The ftp address is:
ftp.lysator.liu.se in directory /pub/msdos/gnu/gcc-dos-m68k
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Definitions
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ADC = Analog to Digital Converter
A/D = Analog to Digital
ALDL -- Assembly Line Diagnostic Link. The connector under the dash on GM
cars. It can be used to dump diagnostic information from the ECM, but
requires special equipment to use.
BP = Barometric Pressure
BTC = Bottom Dead Center
CAN = Controller Area Network. A proposed network protocol for automotive
use outside the US. The US proposal is SAE standard J1850, aka OBD
CTS -- Coolant Temp Sensor
CYA = Cover Your Ass
DAC = Digital to Analog Converter
A/F = Air Fuel Ratio
DIS = DistributorLess Ignition
EGT = Exhaust Gas Temperature
ECM -- Engine Control Module? It's the engine management computer.
ECU = Electronic Control Unit (?) Same as ECM
IAC -- Idle Air Control motor. A stepper motor controlled by the ECM. It
determines how much air gets through to the engine when the throttle is at
idle. The computer controls it to maintain a constant idle.
MAF -- Mass Air Flow. An FI technique where the mass of air flowing into
the intake is directly measured via a hot wire , rotating vane, or hinged
flap. The computer reads this value and injects the proper amount of fuel.
MAP -- Manifold Air Pressure. The air pressure in the intake.
MAT = Manifold Air Temp sensor
MCU = MicroController Unit (eg. 68HC11)
MPFI -- Multi Port Fuel Injection. One (or more) injectors per cylinder.
OBD = On Board Diagnostics. Mandated in the US, this forces auto
manufacturers to use common protocols and connectors for automotive
diagnostics.
OEM = Original Equipment Manufacturer.
PLCC = Plastic Leadless Chip Carrier
PWM = Pulse Width Modulator
SAE = Society of Automotive Engineers
SBC -- Single Board Computer or Small Block Chevy
SD -- Speed density. An FI technique where the amount of air entering
the engine is calculated from engine RPM, MAP, and a pre-calculated
volumetric efficiency for the engine.
SNAFU = Situation Normal - All F*ck'd Up
SOL = Shit Out of Luck
TBI = Throttle Body Injection. One or more injectors located at the throttle
body. Basically a more efficient carb.
TPI = Tuned Port Intake
TDC = Top Dead Center. Piston at the top of the cylinder
TPS = Throttle Position Sensor. Tells the ECM how "open" the throttle is.
More information about the Diy_efi
mailing list