Fw: Water injection

[Bruce Plecan]

>Don't read, just stuff off another list.
>Cheers
>Bruce
>
>>
>>There is some really nice water injection data in A. R. Rogowski's
>>textbook "Elements of Internal Combustion Engines", McGraw-Hill, 1953,
>>ISBN 07-053575-2, pages 106-109 (unfortunately out of print last time I
>>checked).  He shows 50% improvement in detonation-limited IMEP (basically
>>torque) at stoichiometry, and 28% under more typical fuel-rich conditions,
>>using water flow at 50% of fuel flow.  He showed that you get about 2/3 of
>>the benefit using water flow at 25% of fuel flow.  It's not clear from the
>>text, but I think these benefits were from increasing boost.  The data is
>>referenced from Rowe and Ladd, Journal of the SAE volume 54, no. 1, Jan.
>>1946, which is more widely available than the textbook.
>>
>>SAE paper 690018 "Inlet manifold water injection for control of nitrogen
>>oxides - theory and experiment", by Nicholls, El-Messiri, and Newhall,
>>1969.  Mostly part throttle, but does show 12% benefit in max torque with
>>water flow at 50% of fuel flow (naturally aspirated).
>>
>>A good history and practical tips are available in "Turbochargers" by Hugh
>>MacInnes, HPBooks (a division of Price Stern Sloan Inc.), 1984.
>>
>>Sir Harry Ricardo did extensive experiments with water injection in the
>>1920's, which are described in his textbook "The High-Speed Internal
>>Combustion Engine", 1958, pages 36-40.  He concluded that water injection
>>enabled a compression ratio increase from 4:1 to 5:1 with very low octane
>>fuel, for about 10% fuel economy improvement.
>>
>>Water injection is rather briefly described in the classic textbook by
>>Charles F. Taylor "The Internal-Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice"
>>(1968, 1985) Volume 2, page 70.  He recommends water flow at 50% of fuel
>>flow.
>>
>>There is quite a literature on water injection for piston aircraft engines
>>from the 1940's, but they are not widely available.  Some examples are
>>Rothrock et al., "The induction of water to the inlet air as a means of
>>internal cooling in aircraft-engine cylinders", NACA TR 756, 1943; and
>>Bellman and Evvard "Knock-limited performance of several internal
>>coolants", NACA TR 812 (ARR), 1945.  Note that NACA was the precursor to
>>NASA.