Updated efi reference
SRavet at bangate.compaq.com
SRavet at bangate.compaq.com
Wed Apr 10 18:46:46 GMT 1996
I have attached an updated copy of the EFI reference to this email.
Additions are a couple books that I've seen mentioned, Ed's circuit celler
articles, a new section listing internet/WWW references, and the list of VW
FI systems w/ explanation that someone posted. Please send
corrections/additions directly to me at the address below. enjoy...
--steve
Steve Ravet
sravet at bangate.compaq.com
Baby you're a genius when it comes to cooking up some chili sauce...
0.........1.........2.........3.........4.........5.........6.........7.........
A list of references on Engine Management, fuel injection,
EFI related parts and components.
Currently maintained by Steve Ravet
sravet at bangate.compaq.com
Available via WWW at:
http://www.dcc.edu/vettenet/efi_ref.txt
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Books
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Adler, Ulrich, _Electronic Gasoline Fuel-Injection System with Lambda
Closed-Loop Control, L-Jetronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH,
copyright 1985, ISBN 1-85-226008-4. (yellow book, 20 numbered pages; this
is written on the back cover: "English translation of the German edition
dated: September 1985.")
Adler, Ulrich, _Mechanical Gasoline Fuel-Injection System with Lambda
Closed-Loop Control, K-Jetronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH,
copyright 1981, ISBN 1-85-226030-0. (yellow book, 24 numbered pages; this
is written on the back cover: "English translation of the 2nd German
edition dated: September 1985.")
Adler, Ulrich, _Combined Ignition and Fuel-Injection System with Lambda
Closed-Loop Control, Motronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH,
copyright 1985, ISBN 1-85-226009-2. (yellow book, 44 numbered pages; this
is written on the back cover: "English translation of the 2nd German
edition from September 1985.")
Adler et al, "Automotive Electric/Electronic Systems", Robert
Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany, ISBN 0-89883-509-7, 1988.
This is the "red" handbook.
Covers all forms of automotive systems. Good general reading with
excellent coverage of basic functions like starters, alternators,
ignition, sparkplugs. Covers some detail of Bosch's fuel injection
systems. Available from the SAE on sale for $19 (order B-528).
Adler et al, "Automotive Handbook, 3rd Edition", Robert Bentley,
Cambridge, MA, ISBN 0-8376-0330-7, 1993.
This is the "blue" handbook which used to be pocket size.
Covers all forms of automotive design and systems. Good reference
source, but expressed in metric. Has conversion tables. Covers
materials well. Some data on emissions (478-489) similar to 2nd
Edition. Also has data on some of the representative automobiles from
various world companies in back section. Available from the SAE for
$29 (order BOSCH3). Price for SAE members is $23.
Allen, Fredrick D. "Domestic Electronic Fuel Injection and Computer Systems"
Prentice Hall ISBN 0-13-218256-4
This book is worthwhile reading, although it doesn't go into much
detail on the electronics side, it describes fuel injection systems in
general from the Big 3 and is a good overall reference.
DaRosa -- Fundamentals of Energy Processes
Very general, with an excellent chapter or two on combustion, and
lots of other source of energy discussion. $60
Jacobs, Christopher A.. "The Doctor's Guide to Optimizing Your Ignition",
Jacobs Tech Publications.
500 N. Baird St.,
Midland, Tx, 79701. 800 375 5226 800 626 8800. $12.00-$19.00.
Hartman, Jeff "Fuel injection - Installation, Performance tuning,
Modifications" ISBN 0-87938-743-2
Publisher Motorbooks international, PO Box 1, Osceola, WI 54020
1-800-826-6600 (in the US), Reccomended Price $19.95 US.
Probably the best value for money book on EFI. The book has snippets
of everything - If it had detail on all the subjects it mentioned
it would be the definitive reference. The Audience is intended as
street rodders mainly, but there are good bits and peices for the
DIY_EFI'er - Reccomended reading.
Heywood, J.B., "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals", McGraw-Hill,
USA, ISBN 0-07-028637-x, 1988.
College text on IC engine design and theory. General reference on
engine topics. Also contains many references to other works. Available
from the SAE for $69 (order B-526).
Lenz, D.H.P., "Mixture Formation in Spark-Ignition Engines", SAE,
Warrendale, PA, ISBN 1-56091-188-3, 1992.
Excellent text on carbureation, combustion and fuel infection concepts.
Some important data on emissions (70-74, 249-251) with description of
trends over years. This book also published by Springer-Verlag/Wien,
NY, who translated it from German (Lenz, Gemischbildung bei Ottomotoren)
in 1990. Available from SAE on sale for $55 (order R-113). Price for
SAE members is $45. I actually bought a copy for $39 at the SAE Congress
last month.
Norbye, Jan P., _Automotive Fuel Injection Systems, A Technical Guide_,
Motorbooks International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1981, ISBN 0-87938-139-6.
(primarily a history and description of fuel injection systems, includes
chapters on Bosch Mechanical Systems for Mercedes-Benz Cars, Kugelfischer
Fuel Injection, Rochester Fuel Injection, The Bendix Electrojector, Cadillac
and the Bendix Analog and Digital Fuel-Injection Systems, Bosch L- and K-
Jetronic, Motronic, Mono-Jetronic, Lucas Digital Fuel Injection, Chrysler's
Single-Point Injection; Ford's Electronic Engine Control System, Zenith
Fuel-Management Systems, Fiat/Marelli Experimental System, Bosch / Pierburg
Electronic Carburetor, Aftermarket Fuel Injection)
Probst, C.O., "Bosch Fuel Injection & Engine Management", Robert
Bentley, Cambridge, MA, ISBN 0-8376-0300-5, 1989.
Covers most of the Bosch systems from D-Jetronic through Motronic.
Covers variety of vehicles. Has good section in begining on combustion
and emissions information, but a better description is in other BOSCH
texts and sources. Available from the SAE on sale for $19 (order B-557).
Probst, C.O., "How to Understand, Service and Modify Ford Fuel
Injection and Electronic Engine Control", Robert Bentley, Cambridge, MA,
ISBN 0-8376-0301-3, 1993.
Covers basic engine control theory and Ford systems to 1988.
Excellent book on topic. Similar to author's other work on Bosch
systems. Available from SAE for $30 (order B-584).
Ribbens, William B., Mansour, Norman P., et al, _Understanding Automotive
Electronics_, third edition, Howard W. Sams & Company, Indianapolis,
Indiana,
1988, ISBN 0-672-27064-6. (Contents includes Automotive Fundamentals, The
Systems Approach to Control and Instrumentation, Electronics Fundamentals,
Microcomputer Instrumentation and Control, Sensors and Actuators, The Basics
of Electronic Engine Control, Digital Engine Control System, Vehicle Motion
Control, Automotive Instrumentation, Diagnostics, Future Automotive
Electronics Systems)
Watson, B., "How to Tune and Modify Bosch Fuel Injection", Motorbooks
International, Osceola, WI, ISBN 0-87938-570-7, 1992.
Covers most of the Bosch systems from D-Jetronic through LH-Jetronic.
Mainly aimed at VW. Has good section in begining on testing electronic
components. Minimal amount of emissions information - better description
is in other BOSCH texts and sources. Cost $19.95 in 1994.
Watson, Ben, _How to Tune and Modify Ford Fuel Injection_, Motorbooks
International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1992, ISBN 0-87938-621-5. ("For
Fuel-Injected Ford Cars and Trucks with EEC III and EEC IV Engine
Maintenance
Systems," chapters include History of Fuel Injection, Brief Overview of
Electronics, Tools, Tuning the Fuel-injected Engine, Automotive Emissions,
EEC III, EEC IV Components and Operation, EEC IV Onboard Diagnostics,
Troubleshooting by Symptom, Performance Modifications, Legalities of Engine
Modification; the performance chapter is weak, only 10 pages).
Watson, Ben, _How to Repair and Modify Chevrolet Fuel Injection, Motorbooks
International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1991, ISBN 0-87938-502-2.
------------------ Author Unknown ------------------------
_Bosch Electronic Fuel Injection Systems, Shop Manual_, , Motorbooks
International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1986, ISBN 0-87938-237-6.
(maintenance manual for Audi, BMW, Cadillac, Datsun, Mercedes, Opel,
Porsche, Renault, Saab, Volkswagen, and Volvo, model years 1970 - 1979).
Graffiti (publisher) "Small Block Chevrolet Tuned Port Fuel Injection"
Part of "Hot Rodder's Handbook" series Copyright 1995 in Australia.
It's the most consise book I've read, on exactly what it takes to make
these systems work in other vehicles. Very good. It's full of little
tidbits like what gear you need to run the big HEI distributer on an
'89 TPI with a roller cam. ISBN 0 949398 01 2
available from Classic MotorBooks 1-800-826-6600.
Electronic controls and sensors: proceedings of the SAE International
Congress and Exposition (1992: Detroit, MI). ISBN 1-56091-215-4.
This book is 120 pages long. Unfortunately, I do not have it (yet) as
it is in an ATT library in NJ whereas I'm in IL! If you choose to purchase
it, the ISBN and title should be sufficient for a bookstore to track it
down. I recall this book has some articles on nifty research done in
universities in Europe on adaptive controls and some stuff on a truly
exotic oxygen sensor which allows more than bang-bang control of the
a/f mixture.
Laser/Talon Tech Info Manual
Call 1-800-626-1523 and ask for the 1990 Laser/Talon Tech Info Manual
part number 81-699-9039. Shipping will probably be more than the
cost of this ~200 page book. They take plastic.
Mitchell International, Inc., _Mitchell's Electronic Fuel Injection
Troubleshooting Guide: Import Vehicles_, Fisher Books, Tucson, Arizona,
1989, ISBN 1-55561-031-5. (chapter contents include Bosch D, K, KE, L,
LH, and Digifant (Japanese and European); Daihatsu; Honda PGM-FI;
Isuzu I-TEC; Lucas-Bosch; Mazda RE-EGI; Mitsubishi ECI and MPFI; Nissan
TBI; Subaru SPFI; this book has the EFI system wiring diagrams of many
import cars.)
Mitchell International, Inc., _Mitchell's Electronic Fuel Injection
Troubleshooting Guide: Domestic Vehicles, Fisher Books, Tucson, Arizona,
1991, ISBN 1-55561-032-3. (chapter contents include AMC/Jeep; AMC;
AMC/RENIX; AMC/RENIX II; Bosch; Chrysler; Eagle; Ford; GM; this book has
the EFI system wiring diagrams of many domestic cars.)
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Papers / Magazine articles
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Articles beginning with a 6 digit number are SAE papers, and can be
ordered directly from the SAE. Or you can find them in University
libraries.
SAE (412)776-4970
SAE (412)776-0790 FAX
750346 -- HEI-A New Ignition System Through New Technology
It covers the charge time question as well at their solution. If you've not
yet read the paper, it describes some really clever innovations:
adjustable dwell depending on how near saturation, a 5.5 amp limit in
the driver so you could have a low resistance for fast saturation times at
high speeds, but that wouldn't fry at low speeds.
790742 --
Readable paper on the Ford CFI 5.0L 1980 cars. It covers most of
the 'twiddle factors' required to get the vehicle running properly.
810061 -- "New State-of-the-Art in Engine Controls",Howard, J.W. and
Berry, R.D.
810157 -- "Cost Effective Engine Controls", Freimark, R.J.
800164 --
Covers GM TBI system. Easy reading.
810449 -- Mathematical Model of a Throttle Body Fuel Injection System
Discusses effect of battery voltage on injectors and fuel pump pressure
810494 --
810495 --
800468 -- _Hot Wire Air Mass Meter - A New Air Flow Meter for Gasoline
Fuel Injection Systems_,Sauer, Rudolf, 1980, ISSN 0148-7191.
(The author is from Bosch. This paper appears to be one of the first on MAF
meters - the classical Bosch design with the thin platinum wire in the
direct air flow. It has many equations explaining its operation.)
830615 -- _Hot Wire Air Flow Meter for Engine Control System_,
Nishimura, Yutaka; Ohyama, Yoshishige; Sasayama, Takao; et al., 1983, ISSN
0148-7191. (The authors are from Hitachi Ltd. This paper describes the
Hitachi type MAF, which measures air flow in a bypass air passage. I believe
that this type of MAF is being used on Ford cars, starting with the Mustang
GT in 1987.)
840137 -- _Bosch Mass Air Flow Meter: Status and Further Aspects_,
Sumai, Jaihind, and Sauer, Rudolf, 1984. (The authors are from Bosch. This
paper discusses flow passages, air flow around the thermal element, use of
wire grid in the air flow stream, mechanical forces on the sensor element,
dirt build up on the thermal sensor element, response rate, velocity profiles,
and influence of altitude on intake manifold pulsations. Actual test data is
provided.)
880561 -- Frequency Domain Characterization of Mass Flow Sensors,
by W. C. Follmer, 1988.
890298 -- _Switching Controlled Thermal Mass Air Flow Sensor_, Tanimoto, Kohji;
Bessho, Mikio; Inada, Masanori; 1989, ISSN 0148-7191. (Reprinted from
SP-771 - _Sensors and Actuators: 1989_. Authors are from Mitsubishi Electric.
This paper discusses a typical MAF meter using a switching transistor to
supply the voltage to the heated wire. This reduces power consumption. The
output of the meter is a digital signal, with the pulse width related to the
flow rate. One advantage of this type of meter is that the EFI computer
does not need an analog to digital converter to acquire the data - it can use
a digital counter.)
890301 -- _A Hot Wire Air Flow Meter for Intake Air Flow Measurement_,
Nishimura, Yutaka; Ohyama, Yoshishige; et al., 1989, ISSN 0148-7191.
(The authors are from Hitachi, Ltd. This paper "outlines the development
status of the Hitachi hot wire air flow meter." Also covered are "approaches
to improve response time" and "to avoid deterioration in the measurement
accuracy caused by dirt deposits on the hot wire probe.")
890459 -- _Combined Boost Pressure and Knock Control System for S.I. Engines
Including 3-D Maps for Control Parameters_, Rohde, Siegfried, and Philipp,
Matthias, 1989, ISSN 0148-7191. (Reprinted from SP-780, _Power Boost:
Light, Medium, and Heavy Duty Engines_. Authors are from Bosch. This paper
discusses the Motronic EFI system with knock sensor and turbo boost pressure
control; good info on control methods.)
900258 -- _Hot Wire Air Flow Meter for Engine Control Systems_, Takahashi, Ken;
Tsuruoka, Shigeo; Nishimura, Yutaka; et al., 1990, ISSN 0148-7191.
(The authors are from Hitachi Ltd. This paper discusses a new type of wire
probe, resulting in improved response time.)
900259 -- _Advanced Design for Bypass Type of Hot-Wire Air Flow Meter_,
Arai, Nobukatsu; Sekine, Yoshihito; et al., 1990, ISSN 0148-7191.
(Reprinted from SP-805 - _Sensors and Actuators 1990_. Authors are from
Hitachi. This paper discusses a bypass type MAF meter integrated into a
throttle body.)
900488 -- _Combustion Knock Sensing: Sensor Selection and Application Issues_,
Dues, Steven M.; Adams, Joseph M., Shinkle, George A., 1990,
ISSN 0148-7191. (The authors are from Delco Remy Div., General Motors Corp.
This paper discusses basic knock phenomena, sensor types, application issues,
process flowchart, location selection, sensor selection criteria, sensor
comparisons, popular misconceptions.)
900616 -- Mean Value Modelling of Spark Ignition Engines, by Hendricks
and Sorenson, 1990.
900680 --
Discusses variable length intake systems, and where the crossover point
should be. The original which this paper is based on is an ASME paper
by H.W. Engelman "Design of a Tuned Intake Manifold". The second is a
great tuned intake primer for this list, the first has a sample calulation.
900780 -- _On-Chip Realtime Operating System for the Engine Control System_,
Matsubara, Shoji; Kuwahara, Takashi; Gerhard, F. Bruce; 1990, ISSN
0148-7191. (The authors are from NEC Electronics. Discusses the "NEC
uPD78602 16-Bit Single-Chip Microcomputer that incorporates a real-time
operating system as firmware (alias Realtime Task Manager: RTM) as an
example.")
910258 --
Discusses modeling intake manifold and fuel film dynamics.
910501 -- Sasayama, et al.
Describes alternative methods of using O2 sensors (constant voltage, etc.)
910838 -- "Emissions Optimization by Camshaft Profile Switching" Dobson, C.
and Drake, T. 1991. Discusses an active electro-hydraulic valvetrain.
920289
Modeling, filtering, and closed loop control?
930352 -- Wang, et.al.
Describes alternative methods of using O2 sensors
930766 --
Explains modelling and control of fuel wall wetting
There are a quadzillion SAE papers on injector design, port design for
fuel injection and injector placement.
930856 --
Operating characteristics of Zirconia sensors.
940146
Describes various signal processing methods within the ECU on data
from a knock sensor and comes to the conclusion that a band pass
filter coupled with a time window for sampling is the best choice.
940373 "Adaptive Air-Fuel Ratio Control of a Spark-Ignition Engine"
940379 --
Describes a new pressure sensor that they use for misfire detection,
knock control, ignition control, etc. I have a feeling that you may
be seeing these in pass. cars in the not too distant future. Still
some signal processing circuitry required but the price has to be
better than a PCB or Kistler unit.
940445 --
Chen, Vincent and Gutermuth, Chrysler Corp.)
This paper quantitatively describes the effects of various factors
on injected droplet size including gasoline composition, initial droplet
size, initial fuel temperature, charge temperature, intake manifold pressure,
engine speed and distance from injector. It is very interesting to note
their relative importance.
950003 Engine Misfire Detection by Ionization Current Monitoring
Lee, A. and Pyko, J., (Chrysler)
950004 Ion-Gap Sense in Misfire Detection, Knock and Engine Control
Auzins, J., Johansson, H. and Nytomt, J., (Delco and Mecel)
950531 -- Brialsford, et al.
Describes alternative methods of using O2 sensors
?????? --
Describes an experiment performed by the EPA wherein they discover that
O2 sensors in fact do not sense O2 until they reach 800 degrees C.
Until that point they measure H and CO.
FISITA -- Adaptive Transient Air-Fuel Ratio Control to Minimize Gasoline
Engine Emissions, by Beaumont, Noble, and Scarisbrick, 1992.
HS3000 -- Complete specification of OBD-II
Turbo Magazine July '94
Contains an article about an electronically activated valvetrain
Circuit Cellar INK: #62 (September 1995), #63 (October 1995), #64 (November 1995)
Ed Lansinger (lansie at rpi.edu)
_Developing_an_Engine_Control_System_
Detailed description of the construction and programming of
an EFI system for a 600cc, four cylinder, four-stroke motorcycle
engine (Yamaha FZR600); includes block diagrams, schematics,
algorithms, and some sample source code (more available on request)
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Internet/WWW references
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http://ram.chem.tulane.edu:8080/f-body/trivia/o2sensor.html
O2 sensor information
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Parts -- Injector Drivers
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CS-452 and CS-453 -- Cherry
Peak and hold fuel injector driver. 4 amp or 2.5 amp peak, then 4:1
reduction in current. Available from Electromotive.
HGTP14N40F3VL -- Harris
IGBT Coil/Injector Driver.
HGTP14N36G3VL - Same at 14N40... but 360 Volt rating, and added resistor from
the gate to the emitter, may be the same for all intents...
HGTP20N35G3VL - 20 Amp rated, 350 volt clamp, same as above, different ratings.
L584 -- SGS-Thomson?
You can build a complete driver circuit with one L584 (DIP16), two darlingtons
and a few resistors and capacitors. The L584 can be set up to use one of four
diffrent load current waveshapes, including peak-hold-drop and peak-drop.
L9335 -- SGS-Thompson
SGS Thomson sells the L9335 and L9336 Injector Drivers. The former is a 2.4
amp / 0.6 amp peak/hold, and the latter is a 4 amp / 1 amp peak/hold. The
pinout looks the same as the Motorola MC3484S2-2 and MC3484S4-2. Cherry
Semiconductor also sells the part (CS-452 and CS-453).
The L584 is still in production from SGS - they are not easy to get hold of
though, I typically get quoted 25-40 week lead times. This is a very flexible
chip though and because it works in switch mode the darlingtons don't dissipate
much heat (about 1/4 that of LM1949 design). It will produce some RFI because
the inductor (injector) is switched fairly fast and is on the end of a long
piece of wire (aerial). This solution allows any peak/hold ratio to be
implemented. The chip costs about 2.50 (pounds Sterling) in 25 off.
LM1949 -Nat'l Semi
Injector Drive Controller. Beware - this chip does not operate as a
switch mode controller and so the darlington dissipates a lot of heat!
It does allow for a low part count solution but fixes the ratio of peak
to hold current to 4.
MC3484-S4 -- Motorola (discontinued)
This part is the same as the Cherry CS-452 and CS-453
MC33293 -- Motorola
Note that the 33293 is NOT peak and hold. It's a quad driver intended
for high impedence injectors.
HIP0081 -- Harris
This chip is functionally equivalent to the MC33293, ie. quad current
limiting driver with serial diagnostics interface.
MGP20N40CL -- Motorola
The Motorola MGP20N40CL is a nice IGBT for ignition coil drive.
It has internal clamping diodes for voltage protection (400V)
and can handle 20 amps. In practice, with peak coil currents
of 10A, it only needs a small heat sink. You can drive it directly
from a 5V CMOS output.
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Parts -- Processors
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CSP3000 --
The Car Signal Processor (CSP3000) is a signal processor designed for use
in automotive applications. 24 analog inputs and 8 PWM outputs represent
the interfaces with the analog world. The digital, 12 bits wide I/O port
and two serial bus interfaces permit the exchange of digital data within
the application or between processors.
FEATURES OF THE CSP:
- 12 Bit RISC processor (FP)
- 256 words of internal RAM (12 bit)
- 2048 works of internal ROM (20 bit)
- internal clock generator
- 12 Bidirectional IO lines
- 2 serial ports
- up to 24 analog inputs
- 8 PWM outputs
- up to 24 digital inputs
- all digital inputs with hysteresis
- 2 independant RESET pins for FP and PWM system
- PLCC 68 package
- EMU version available in 132 pin LLCC package
MC68332 -- Motorola
The MC68332 is a member of Motrola's family of modular architecture
controller chips. The '332 contains the following modules:
* CPU32, a 32bit M68000 style processor with all 68020 functionality
except the bitfield operations.
* TPU, a 16 bit RISC time processing unit that has 16 I/O pins
and can independently perform all sorts of time functions such as
PWM, period measurement, position synchronized pulse generation,
missing pulse detection, etc (great for engine management).
* QSM, a serial module that contains one standard asynchronous serial
port and one synchronous port.
* SIM, a system integration module that does chip selects, etc.
* 2K of onboard static ram.
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Parts -- Ingition support/controllers
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67F687 -- Silicon Systems (discontinued)
The 67F687 is a high performance MSICs ( Mixed Signal Integrated Circuit )
designed to work with a microprocessor in an engine management system. Using two
sensor inputs (crank and cam), the 67F687 tracks engine position through one or
two complete revolutions with a resolution of 0.25 degrees. Designed to be
flexible, the 67F687 will accept a variety of sensor types and pulse patterns.
It generates ignition and injection output pulses based on position and time
parameters supplied by the host microprocessor, relieving it of many of the real
time interrupt routines associated with these tasks. These outputs can directly
drive power devices to actuate automotive ignition coils and fuel injectors. A
sense input from each device allows individual diagnostics, short circuit
protection and ignition coil current limiting. A timer, which measures coil
charge time at the ignition sense inputs, enhances closed loop dwell control.
Communication with a host microprocessor is through a parallel data and address
bus. A general purpose parallel I/O port offers level sensitive input and
output capability, in addition to edge detect inputs and PWM outputs.
Silicon Systems
Automotive Products
14351 Myford Road
Tustin, CA 92680 USA
Attn: Tony Anderson
HIP9010 -- Harris Semiconductor
An integrated knock sensor signal processor. This thing (HIP9010) is
controlled by a microprocessor bus port, and does programmable gain,
filtering, windowing and integration. It produces an analog output
voltage for knock amplitude. It will allow you to watch a narrow
frequency band and compare it to the relative power in another band.
You can switch back and forth between different physical sensors
between ignition pulses and even switch bands before and after each
spark event to watch different frequencies.
LM1815 -- Nat'l Semi
An adaptive reluctance amplifier. The neat thing about this chip is
it has different triggering modes, one of which is the adaptive mode
which requires the positive input spike to be at least 80% of
the preceeding pulse, in order to reduce fale triggerings.
The chip produces a pulse on zero-crossing (positive to negative)
and has an on-board triggered one-shot. They cost around $3.50
and looks like it is available.
MC3334 -- Motorola
It's an 8-pin DIP that uses a sensing capacitor to determine if the
coil was completely charged for the last spark. It adjusts the dwell
for the next spark accordingly.
ULQ2460A -- Allegro Microsystems
Electronic Spark Timing Controller
The chip is "intended to interface between conventional
electromagnetic pickups, a computer controlled electronic spark timing
(EST) computer, and a high efficiency ignition coil." They describe an
application schematic where there are 3 connection points to the computer:
1. Reference - signal conditioned output from the pickup
2. EST - control input from the EST
computer, allows the CPU complete control over ignition functions
3. Bypass - causes the device to internally process the Reference
signal to control dwell, spark timing, and spark advance without the
aid of the computer
Allegro Microsystems Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Box 15036
Worcester MA 01615
Voice (508) 853-5000
Fax (508) 853-5049
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Parts -- Sensors, sensor amplifiers, sensor decoders
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AD594 -- Analog Devices
If you want your EGT's to be accurate down to freezing, you can use
an Analog Devices AD594. It's a thermocouple amp with built in ice
point compensation and runs about ten bucks US.
LM1964
An amplifier designed especially for amplifying O2 sensor signals.
It's in National's special purpose devices book (Linear 3).
LM9044
Lambda Sensor Interface Amplifier
Electro Corp.
1845 - 57th Street
Sarasota, FL 34243
voice: 813-355-8411
fax: 813-355-3120
A complete line of sensors.
DS1820 -- Dallas Semiconductor
Each DS1820 digital thermometer provides 9-bit temperature readings,
no analog circuitry is required, there is no need for shielded cable,
the DS1820 takes its power from the data line, temperature range of
-55C to +125C in 0.5 degrees increments.
HCTL2000, HCTL2016 -- Hewlett Packard
Optical sensor decoder, 15$. Using two sensors on a toothed or optical
disk, it decodes the waveforms for resolution beyond the number of teeth.
It has a built in 16 bit counter which will totalize pulses until you
read it. As an added bonus, it multiplies the resolution of the system
by 4 because it counts each rising and falling edge from each sensor.I
have used these in a position sensing application and
they are a piece of cake to interface to. You'd only have to read it once
per second and you'd be able to keep up with about 6500 RPM. Of course,
you'd want to read it a lot more often to keep up with things, but it
would take a big load off the processor in any case.
HEDS 5000, 6000, 9000 -- Hewlett Packard
This is an optical sensor setup that you can buy different resolution
disks for, or make your own. They even make one with 360 cpr, and are very
small in size. Coupled with an HCTL2000/2016 quadrature decoder chip,
(X4 resolution, built in 12/16 bit counter w/direction, 8 bit parallel
interface) you have an instant position sensing system with no programming
or fabricating at all.
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Parts -- Other
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ACH-04-08 Amp
This is a 3-axis accelerometer
(y-axis, z-axis, and rotational acceleration around z-axis) that is fully
programmable. You can read only 1 axis at a time in either digital or
analog format. y-axis sensitivity is 1.5 mV/g, z-axis is 12 mV/g, and
rotational is 0.3 mV/rad/s^2. I don't have time to quote the entire data
sheet but I think is has programmable gain (ie. ranges). I was wrong
about the price: it is $30 (maybe I was thinking $10 per axis?). Oh yeah,
this data sheet and price is preliminary.
SAMTEC makes QFP to PGC Adapter boards for a variety of QFP Packages.
Chip Specific Adapters "SPEC" for a variety of Motorola and Intel Chips,
SAMTEC phn 800 726-8329.
HIP 7030A0 and HIP7020 OBD-II/J1850 drivers
Harris has a complete and inexpensive line of OBD_II SAE J1850 comm
protocol IC's. The protocols are too complex for a mail post (unless I
had a week to write...) but the SAE publication HS-3000 is the complete
shebang...One of the harris IC's is the HIP7030A0... It is a 68HC05 cpu
with SENDEC, crc generation etc... It only requires code and the HIP7020
Bus tranceiver chip.
CA3228
Harris Semiconductor -- A complete DIY cruise control less switches and
servo. Requires a bare minimum of external components.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Software
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
PADS -- Circuit layout software.
Has all the symbols, 68000, 8031, 80x86, TTL, CMOS, etc. It seems easy
to add to this as well. Outputs Gerber, Postscript, etc. Got the copy
I have off a CDROM. Walnut Creek Simtel 10/93 collection. Anyway, try
ftp.uu.net, wuarchive.wustl.edu, ftp.funet.fi etc. The directory at
ftp.uu.net should be /system/msdos/simtel/cad. The files are padslib.zip,
padslog.zip, padspcb.zip. Dunno what the versions are.
RTEMS -- Real time OS
Developed by the Army, see the www page at:
http://lancelot.gcs.redstone.army.mil/rtems.html
It's now available for both efi68k and efi332.
GCC -- DOS hosted cross compiler for 68000 series CPUs
There are now binaries (and the changed source files for anyone interested)
available via anon. ftp. The binaries are gcc 2.6.0 for djgpp (msdos) host
and 68000 family embedded target. The ftp address is:
ftp.lysator.liu.se in directory /pub/msdos/gnu/gcc-dos-m68k
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Definitions
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
ADC = Analog to Digital Converter
A/D = Analog to Digital
A/F = Air Fuel Ratio
ALDL -- Assembly Line Diagnostic Link. The connector under the dash on GM
cars. It can be used to dump diagnostic information from the ECM, but
requires special equipment to use.
BP = Barometric Pressure
BDC = Bottom Dead Center
CAN = Controller Area Network. A proposed network protocol for automotive
use outside the US. The US proposal is SAE standard J1850, aka OBD
CTS -- Coolant Temp Sensor
CYA = Cover Your Ass
DAC = Digital to Analog Converter
DIS = Distributorless Ignition System
EGT = Exhaust Gas Temperature
ECM -- Engine Control Module? It's the engine management computer.
ECU = Electronic Control Unit (?) Same as ECM
IAC -- Idle Air Control motor. A stepper motor controlled by the ECM. It
determines how much air gets through to the engine when the throttle is at
idle. The computer controls it to maintain a constant idle.
IGBT -- Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
MAF -- Mass Air Flow. An FI technique where the mass of air flowing into
the intake is directly measured via a hot wire , rotating vane, hinged
flap, or other means. The computer reads this value and injects the proper
amount of fuel.
MAP -- Manifold Air Pressure. The air pressure in the intake.
MAT = Manifold Air Temp sensor
MCU = MicroController Unit (eg. 68HC11)
OBD = On Board Diagnostics. Mandated in the US, this forces auto
manufacturers to use common protocols and connectors for automotive
diagnostics. (We've had OBD-I and OBD-II, OBD-III is on the way).
OEM = Original Equipment Manufacturer.
PLCC = Plastic Leadless Chip Carrier
PWM = Pulse Width Modulator
SAE = Society of Automotive Engineers
SBC -- Single Board Computer or Small Block Chevy
SD -- Speed density. An FI technique where the amount of air entering
the engine is calculated from engine RPM, MAP, and a pre-calculated
volumetric efficiency for the engine.
SNAFU = Situation Normal - All Screwed Up
SOL = Shit Out of Luck
TDC = Top Dead Center. Piston at the top of the cylinder
TPS = Throttle Position Sensor. Tells the ECM how "open" the throttle is.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
GM EFI terms:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
TPI = Tuned Port Injection. Used on small block Chevy. One Injector
per cylinder, with tuned intake runners. Batch fired. (All
injectors fire at once.)
CFI = Cross Fire Injection. Used 2, 4 cyl throttle bodies on a
cross-ram style manifold that had very small runners.
Injectors alternately fired. Actually the precursor to the
truck V-8 TBI that used a dual plane intake.
SFI = Sequential Fuel Injection. This uses one injector per
cylinder, and one injector driver per cylinder. The advantage
the injector is timed to open some time before the intake
valve, giving better emmisions, drivability and fuel economy.
More expensive, ECM has to know which cylinder is firing.
MPI = Multi Port Injection. GM used this term for the 2.8/3.1L
V-6's. Used one injector per cylinder, batch fired. Tuned
2 piece intake manifold.
TBI = Throttle Body Injection. Almost just like a carburator, except
it uses large injectors mounted over the throttle plate. This
is cheap, but very functional. Alternate fire. Good starting
place for beginners.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
VW FI systems:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
D-Jetronic, 1968-197? This system uses manifold pressure and an all
analog electronic control box. I think it was first used on 1968 VW
Type 3. Also used on Porsche 914, Saab, Volvo, and who knows what else.
L-Jetronic, 1975- This system uses an air flow meter (flapper box) and
a hybrid analog/digital control box. Available with and w/o an oxygen
sensor. I think it was first used on 1974 Porsche 914 1.8. Very common
on BMW, etc. Used on VW Bug from 1975 and late Bus / Vanagon.
Motronic, This is an all digital control unit, using either an air flow
meter or a mass air sensor. I think it was first used on BMW but shows
up on just about all European makes. With and and w/o oxygen sensor and
knock sensors. Used by VW on the VR6.
K-Jetronic, 1973 into the '90s. Commonly called CIS. This started out
as a purely mechanical continuous flow system. First used in 1973
Porsche 911T. VW picked it up for the Rabbit. Seen on many European
makes. In 1982 it became K-Jetronic Lambda, which incorporated an
oxygen sensor, a control unit, and a duty cycle solenoid valve to modify
the original mechanical system. About 1985, KE-Jetronic, the duty cycle
valve was replaced by a voice coil actuator and a more complicated
control unit. Added digital ignition control at the same time.
Digifant is a VW invention that's kind of a cross between L-Jetronic and
Motronic. Found in things like 1990 Golf and Jetta.
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