Latest EFI reference list part 1
SRavet at bangate.compaq.com
SRavet at bangate.compaq.com
Fri Jun 21 18:05:30 GMT 1996
Attached is part one of the latest EFI reference. It's too large to post
in one piece now... Send corrections or additions to me or the list.
Enjoy...
--steve
Steve Ravet
sravet at bangate.compaq.com
Baby you're a genius when it comes to cooking up some chili sauce...
0.........1.........2.........3.........4.........5.........6.........7.........
A list of references on Engine Management, fuel injection,
EFI related parts and components.
Currently maintained by Steve Ravet
sravet at bangate.compaq.com
Available via WWW at:
http://www.dcc.edu/vettenet/efi_ref.txt
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Books sorted by author
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Adler, Ulrich, _Electronic Gasoline Fuel-Injection System with Lambda
Closed-Loop Control, L-Jetronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH,
copyright 1985, ISBN 1-85-226008-4. (yellow book, 20 numbered pages; this
is written on the back cover: "English translation of the German edition
dated: September 1985.")
Adler, Ulrich, _Mechanical Gasoline Fuel-Injection System with Lambda
Closed-Loop Control, K-Jetronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH,
copyright 1981, ISBN 1-85-226030-0. (yellow book, 24 numbered pages; this
is written on the back cover: "English translation of the 2nd German
edition dated: September 1985.")
Adler, Ulrich, _Combined Ignition and Fuel-Injection System with Lambda
Closed-Loop Control, Motronic: Technical Instruction_, Robert Bosch GmbH,
copyright 1985, ISBN 1-85-226009-2. (yellow book, 44 numbered pages; this
is written on the back cover: "English translation of the 2nd German
edition from September 1985.")
Adler et al, "Automotive Electric/Electronic Systems", Robert
Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany, ISBN 0-89883-509-7, 1988.
This is the "red" handbook.
Covers all forms of automotive systems. Good general reading with
excellent coverage of basic functions like starters, alternators,
ignition, sparkplugs. Covers some detail of Bosch's fuel injection
systems. Available from the SAE on sale for $19 (order B-528).
Adler et al, "Automotive Handbook, 3rd Edition", Robert Bentley,
Cambridge, MA, ISBN 0-8376-0330-7, 1993.
This is the "blue" handbook which used to be pocket size.
Covers all forms of automotive design and systems. Good reference
source, but expressed in metric. Has conversion tables. Covers
materials well. Some data on emissions (478-489) similar to 2nd
Edition. Also has data on some of the representative automobiles from
various world companies in back section. Available from the SAE for
$29 (order BOSCH3). Price for SAE members is $23.
Allen, Fredrick D. "Domestic Electronic Fuel Injection and Computer Systems"
Prentice Hall ISBN 0-13-218256-4
This book is worthwhile reading, although it doesn't go into much
detail on the electronics side, it describes fuel injection systems in
general from the Big 3 and is a good overall reference.
Chowanietz, Eric "Automobile Electronics"
Butterworth-Heinemann (paperback - 1995) ISBN: 0 7506 1878 7
SAE International (North America - Hardback - 1995) ISBN: 1 56091 739 3
The book gives an introduction to all aspects of automobile
electronics and there is an extended section on the theory and
practice of engine management. It was written for newcomers to the
subject, particularly engineering students. Further details can be
found on my InterNet Homepage http://www.dmu.ac.uk/~egc/
DaRosa -- Fundamentals of Energy Processes
Very general, with an excellent chapter or two on combustion, and
lots of other source of energy discussion. $60
Hartman, Jeff "Fuel injection - Installation, Performance tuning,
Modifications" ISBN 0-87938-743-2
Publisher Motorbooks international, PO Box 1, Osceola, WI 54020
1-800-826-6600 (in the US), Reccomended Price $19.95 US.
Probably the best value for money book on EFI. The book has snippets
of everything - If it had detail on all the subjects it mentioned
it would be the definitive reference. The Audience is intended as
street rodders mainly, but there are good bits and peices for the
DIY_EFI'er - Reccomended reading.
Heywood, J.B., "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals", McGraw-Hill,
USA, ISBN 0-07-028637-x, 1988.
College text on IC engine design and theory. General reference on
engine topics. Also contains many references to other works. Available
from the SAE for $69 (order B-526).
Jacobs, Christopher A.. "The Doctor's Guide to Optimizing Your Ignition",
Jacobs Tech Publications.
500 N. Baird St.,
Midland, Tx, 79701. 800 375 5226 800 626 8800. $12.00-$19.00.
Johnson and Graham, "High Speed Digital Design, a Handbook of Black Magic"
This is recommended reading.
Lenz, D.H.P., "Mixture Formation in Spark-Ignition Engines", SAE,
Warrendale, PA, ISBN 1-56091-188-3, 1992.
Excellent text on carbureation, combustion and fuel infection concepts.
Some important data on emissions (70-74, 249-251) with description of
trends over years. This book also published by Springer-Verlag/Wien,
NY, who translated it from German (Lenz, Gemischbildung bei Ottomotoren)
in 1990. Available from SAE on sale for $55 (order R-113). Price for
SAE members is $45. I actually bought a copy for $39 at the SAE Congress
last month.
Norbye, Jan P., _Automotive Fuel Injection Systems, A Technical Guide_,
Motorbooks International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1981, ISBN 0-87938-139-6.
(primarily a history and description of fuel injection systems, includes
chapters on Bosch Mechanical Systems for Mercedes-Benz Cars, Kugelfischer
Fuel Injection, Rochester Fuel Injection, The Bendix Electrojector, Cadillac
and the Bendix Analog and Digital Fuel-Injection Systems, Bosch L- and K-
Jetronic, Motronic, Mono-Jetronic, Lucas Digital Fuel Injection, Chrysler's
Single-Point Injection; Ford's Electronic Engine Control System, Zenith
Fuel-Management Systems, Fiat/Marelli Experimental System, Bosch / Pierburg
Electronic Carburetor, Aftermarket Fuel Injection)
Ott, Henry, "Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems"
This is still the best.
Probst, C.O., "Bosch Fuel Injection & Engine Management", Robert
Bentley, Cambridge, MA, ISBN 0-8376-0300-5, 1989.
Covers most of the Bosch systems from D-Jetronic through Motronic.
Covers variety of vehicles. Has good section in begining on combustion
and emissions information, but a better description is in other BOSCH
texts and sources. Available from the SAE on sale for $19 (order B-557).
Probst, C.O., "How to Understand, Service and Modify Ford Fuel
Injection and Electronic Engine Control", Robert Bentley, Cambridge, MA,
ISBN 0-8376-0301-3, 1993.
Covers basic engine control theory and Ford systems from 1988 to 1993.
Excellent book on topic. Similar to author's other work on Bosch
systems. Available from SAE for $30 (order B-584).
Ribbens, William B., Mansour, Norman P., et al, _Understanding Automotive
Electronics_, third edition, Howard W. Sams & Company, Indianapolis,
Indiana,
1988, ISBN 0-672-27064-6. (Contents includes Automotive Fundamentals, The
Systems Approach to Control and Instrumentation, Electronics Fundamentals,
Microcomputer Instrumentation and Control, Sensors and Actuators, The Basics
of Electronic Engine Control, Digital Engine Control System, Vehicle Motion
Control, Automotive Instrumentation, Diagnostics, Future Automotive
Electronics Systems)
Farwell, Robert F and Neil M. Schmitt "Understanding Automation Systems"
Howard W. Sams & Company, ISBN 0-672-27014-5 LCCN 84-51472
a good book on controls for those who didn't pass the class in college.
Watson, B., "How to Tune and Modify Bosch Fuel Injection", Motorbooks
International, Osceola, WI, ISBN 0-87938-570-7, 1992.
Covers most of the Bosch systems from D-Jetronic through LH-Jetronic.
Mainly aimed at VW. Has good section in begining on testing electronic
components. Minimal amount of emissions information - better description
is in other BOSCH texts and sources. Cost $19.95 in 1994.
Watson, Ben, _How to Tune and Modify Ford Fuel Injection_, Motorbooks
International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1992, ISBN 0-87938-621-5. ("For
Fuel-Injected Ford Cars and Trucks with EEC III and EEC IV Engine
Maintenance
Systems," chapters include History of Fuel Injection, Brief Overview of
Electronics, Tools, Tuning the Fuel-injected Engine, Automotive Emissions,
EEC III, EEC IV Components and Operation, EEC IV Onboard Diagnostics,
Troubleshooting by Symptom, Performance Modifications, Legalities of Engine
Modification; the performance chapter is weak, only 10 pages).
Watson, Ben, _How to Repair and Modify Chevrolet Fuel Injection, Motorbooks
International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1991, ISBN 0-87938-502-2.
------------------ Author Unknown ------------------------
_Bosch Electronic Fuel Injection Systems, Shop Manual_, , Motorbooks
International, Osceola, Wisconsin, 1986, ISBN 0-87938-237-6.
(maintenance manual for Audi, BMW, Cadillac, Datsun, Mercedes, Opel,
Porsche, Renault, Saab, Volkswagen, and Volvo, model years 1970 - 1979).
Graffiti (publisher) "Small Block Chevrolet Tuned Port Fuel Injection"
Part of "Hot Rodder's Handbook" series Copyright 1995 in Australia.
It's the most consise book I've read, on exactly what it takes to make
these systems work in other vehicles. Very good. It's full of little
tidbits like what gear you need to run the big HEI distributer on an
'89 TPI with a roller cam. ISBN 0 949398 01 2
available from Classic MotorBooks 1-800-826-6600.
Electronic controls and sensors: proceedings of the SAE International
Congress and Exposition (1992: Detroit, MI). ISBN 1-56091-215-4.
This book is 120 pages long. Unfortunately, I do not have it (yet) as
it is in an ATT library in NJ whereas I'm in IL! If you choose to purchase
it, the ISBN and title should be sufficient for a bookstore to track it
down. I recall this book has some articles on nifty research done in
universities in Europe on adaptive controls and some stuff on a truly
exotic oxygen sensor which allows more than bang-bang control of the
a/f mixture.
Laser/Talon Tech Info Manual
Call 1-800-626-1523 and ask for the 1990 Laser/Talon Tech Info Manual
part number 81-699-9039. Shipping will probably be more than the
cost of this ~200 page book. They take plastic.
Mitchell International, Inc., _Mitchell's Electronic Fuel Injection
Troubleshooting Guide: Import Vehicles_, Fisher Books, Tucson, Arizona,
1989, ISBN 1-55561-031-5. (chapter contents include Bosch D, K, KE, L,
LH, and Digifant (Japanese and European); Daihatsu; Honda PGM-FI;
Isuzu I-TEC; Lucas-Bosch; Mazda RE-EGI; Mitsubishi ECI and MPFI; Nissan
TBI; Subaru SPFI; this book has the EFI system wiring diagrams of many
import cars.)
Mitchell International, Inc., _Mitchell's Electronic Fuel Injection
Troubleshooting Guide: Domestic Vehicles, Fisher Books, Tucson, Arizona,
1991, ISBN 1-55561-032-3. (chapter contents include AMC/Jeep; AMC;
AMC/RENIX; AMC/RENIX II; Bosch; Chrysler; Eagle; Ford; GM; this book has
the EFI system wiring diagrams of many domestic cars.)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Papers / Magazine articles
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Articles beginning with a 6 digit number are SAE papers, and can be
ordered directly from the SAE. Or you can find them in University
libraries. Find the SAE online at http://www.sae.org
SAE (412)776-4970
SAE (412)776-0790 FAX
750346 -- HEI-A New Ignition System Through New Technology
It covers the charge time question as well at their solution. If you've not
yet read the paper, it describes some really clever innovations:
adjustable dwell depending on how near saturation, a 5.5 amp limit in
the driver so you could have a low resistance for fast saturation times at
high speeds, but that wouldn't fry at low speeds.
790143 --
Describes O2 sensors and their properties. Written by 2 people at
Bendix Research Labs.
790742 --
Readable paper on the Ford CFI 5.0L 1980 cars. It covers most of
the 'twiddle factors' required to get the vehicle running properly.
800164 --
Covers GM TBI system. Easy reading.
800468 -- _Hot Wire Air Mass Meter - A New Air Flow Meter for Gasoline
Fuel Injection Systems_,Sauer, Rudolf, 1980, ISSN 0148-7191.
(The author is from Bosch. This paper appears to be one of the first on MAF
meters - the classical Bosch design with the thin platinum wire in the
direct air flow. It has many equations explaining its operation.)
810061 -- "New State-of-the-Art in Engine Controls",Howard, J.W. and
Berry, R.D.
810157 -- "Cost Effective Engine Controls", Freimark, R.J.
810449 -- Mathematical Model of a Throttle Body Fuel Injection System
Discusses effect of battery voltage on injectors and fuel pump pressure
810494 --
810495 --
820749 -- "Valve events and engine operations", T.W.Asmus
Discusses the effect of the timing of each valve operation (intake open,
intake close, exhaust open, exhaust close) on engine performance.
830615 -- _Hot Wire Air Flow Meter for Engine Control System_,
Nishimura, Yutaka; Ohyama, Yoshishige; Sasayama, Takao; et al., 1983, ISSN
0148-7191. (The authors are from Hitachi Ltd. This paper describes the
Hitachi type MAF, which measures air flow in a bypass air passage. I believe
that this type of MAF is being used on Ford cars, starting with the Mustang
GT in 1987.)
840137 -- _Bosch Mass Air Flow Meter: Status and Further Aspects_,
Sumai, Jaihind, and Sauer, Rudolf, 1984. (The authors are from Bosch. This
paper discusses flow passages, air flow around the thermal element, use of
wire grid in the air flow stream, mechanical forces on the sensor element,
dirt build up on the thermal sensor element, response rate, velocity profiles,
and influence of altitude on intake manifold pulsations. Actual test data is
provided.)
880561 -- Frequency Domain Characterization of Mass Flow Sensors,
by W. C. Follmer, 1988.
890298 -- _Switching Controlled Thermal Mass Air Flow Sensor_, Tanimoto, Kohji;
Bessho, Mikio; Inada, Masanori; 1989, ISSN 0148-7191. (Reprinted from
SP-771 - _Sensors and Actuators: 1989_. Authors are from Mitsubishi Electric.
This paper discusses a typical MAF meter using a switching transistor to
supply the voltage to the heated wire. This reduces power consumption. The
output of the meter is a digital signal, with the pulse width related to the
flow rate. One advantage of this type of meter is that the EFI computer
does not need an analog to digital converter to acquire the data - it can use
a digital counter.)
890299 -- Wide-Range Air-Fuel Ratio Sensor.
>From this it looks like even an ordinary sensor contains
information about the A/F ratio down into the lambda .6 region. From
their graphs there's a change from 20ma to 14ma in the current
generated by a sensor at 0V in going from lambda=.6 to .7. The
difficulty is that at 0V the change in current from lambda= 1 to
1.5 is 0. To detect a change in this region of lambda you need
to be at .25V or greater and at this voltage and lambda the sensor
draws current instead of outputting it. So to keep the sensor
from saturating a circuit is needed that draws 25 ma at 0V and
generates 5ma at .5V.
890301 -- _A Hot Wire Air Flow Meter for Intake Air Flow Measurement_,
Nishimura, Yutaka; Ohyama, Yoshishige; et al., 1989, ISSN 0148-7191.
(The authors are from Hitachi, Ltd. This paper "outlines the development
status of the Hitachi hot wire air flow meter." Also covered are "approaches
to improve response time" and "to avoid deterioration in the measurement
accuracy caused by dirt deposits on the hot wire probe.")
890459 -- _Combined Boost Pressure and Knock Control System for S.I. Engines
Including 3-D Maps for Control Parameters_, Rohde, Siegfried, and Philipp,
Matthias, 1989, ISSN 0148-7191. (Reprinted from SP-780, _Power Boost:
Light, Medium, and Heavy Duty Engines_. Authors are from Bosch. This paper
discusses the Motronic EFI system with knock sensor and turbo boost pressure
control; good info on control methods.)
900258 -- _Hot Wire Air Flow Meter for Engine Control Systems_, Takahashi, Ken;
Tsuruoka, Shigeo; Nishimura, Yutaka; et al., 1990, ISSN 0148-7191.
(The authors are from Hitachi Ltd. This paper discusses a new type of wire
probe, resulting in improved response time.)
900259 -- _Advanced Design for Bypass Type of Hot-Wire Air Flow Meter_,
Arai, Nobukatsu; Sekine, Yoshihito; et al., 1990, ISSN 0148-7191.
(Reprinted from SP-805 - _Sensors and Actuators 1990_. Authors are from
Hitachi. This paper discusses a bypass type MAF meter integrated into a
throttle body.)
900488 -- _Combustion Knock Sensing: Sensor Selection and Application Issues_,
Dues, Steven M.; Adams, Joseph M., Shinkle, George A., 1990,
ISSN 0148-7191. (The authors are from Delco Remy Div., General Motors Corp.
This paper discusses basic knock phenomena, sensor types, application issues,
process flowchart, location selection, sensor selection criteria, sensor
comparisons, popular misconceptions.)
900616 -- Mean Value Modelling of Spark Ignition Engines, by Hendricks
and Sorenson, 1990.
900680 --
Discusses variable length intake systems, and where the crossover point
should be. The original which this paper is based on is an ASME paper
by H.W. Engelman "Design of a Tuned Intake Manifold". The second is a
great tuned intake primer for this list, the first has a sample calulation.
900780 -- _On-Chip Realtime Operating System for the Engine Control System_,
Matsubara, Shoji; Kuwahara, Takashi; Gerhard, F. Bruce; 1990, ISSN
0148-7191. (The authors are from NEC Electronics. Discusses the "NEC
uPD78602 16-Bit Single-Chip Microcomputer that incorporates a real-time
operating system as firmware (alias Realtime Task Manager: RTM) as an
example.")
910258 --
Discusses modeling intake manifold and fuel film dynamics.
910501 -- Sasayama, et al.
Describes alternative methods of using O2 sensors (constant voltage, etc.)
910838 -- "Emissions Optimization by Camshaft Profile Switching" Dobson, C.
and Drake, T. 1991. Discusses an active electro-hydraulic valvetrain.
920234 -- "Universal A/F heated exhaust gas O2 sensor",T. Yamada
This article describes a wide range UEGO, the same sensor as used in
NGK/Horriba a/f meter. Japan Patent # 148849 dated 1987. This UEGO
was used in the Honda Civic VX lean burn engine. See part description
in "Parts -- sensors" section.
Cell consists of 3 substrates: O2 pumping cell, O2 galvanic cell,
and O2 ref cavity. The pumping current is maintained by closed loop
feedback . Output is proportional to O2 in exhaust on lean side, is
equal to 0 volts @ 14.7 stio, and is proportional to amt O2 required
for complete combustion of exhaust gas on rich side.
Thus proportional to a/f ratio.
920289
Describes how an O2 sensor can act as an oxidation/reduction cell in
addition to a std. voltaic cell. Discusses how an O2 sensor reacts
to H2, CO, etc. in addition to O2. Written by two Ford engineers.
930352 -- Wang, et.al.
Describes alternative methods of using O2 sensors
930766 --
Explains modelling and control of fuel wall wetting
There are a quadzillion SAE papers on injector design, port design for
fuel injection and injector placement.
930856 --
Operating characteristics of Zirconia sensors.
930856 -- Transient A/F Ratio Errors in Conventional SI Engine Control
Concerns pressure transients in the intake.
940146
Describes various signal processing methods within the ECU on data
from a knock sensor and comes to the conclusion that a band pass
filter coupled with a time window for sampling is the best choice.
940373 "Adaptive Air-Fuel Ratio Control of a Spark-Ignition Engine"
940379 --
Describes a new pressure sensor that they use for misfire detection,
knock control, ignition control, etc. I have a feeling that you may
be seeing these in pass. cars in the not too distant future. Still
some signal processing circuitry required but the price has to be
better than a PCB or Kistler unit.
940445 --
Chen, Vincent and Gutermuth, Chrysler Corp.)
This paper quantitatively describes the effects of various factors
on injected droplet size including gasoline composition, initial droplet
size, initial fuel temperature, charge temperature, intake manifold pressure,
engine speed and distance from injector. It is very interesting to note
their relative importance.
950003 Engine Misfire Detection by Ionization Current Monitoring
Lee, A. and Pyko, J., (Chrysler)
950004 Ion-Gap Sense in Misfire Detection, Knock and Engine Control
Auzins, J., Johansson, H. and Nytomt, J., (Delco and Mecel)
950531 -- Brialsford, et al.
Describes alternative methods of using O2 sensors
?????? --
Describes an experiment performed by the EPA wherein they discover that
O2 sensors in fact do not sense O2 until they reach 800 degrees C.
Until that point they measure H and CO.
FISITA -- Adaptive Transient Air-Fuel Ratio Control to Minimize Gasoline
Engine Emissions, by Beaumont, Noble, and Scarisbrick, 1992.
HS3000 -- Complete specification of OBD-II
Turbo Magazine July '94
Contains an article about an electronically activated valvetrain
Circuit Cellar INK: #62 (September 1995), #63 (October 1995), #64 (November 1995)
Ed Lansinger (lansie at rpi.edu)
_Developing_an_Engine_Control_System_
Detailed description of the construction and programming of
an EFI system for a 600cc, four cylinder, four-stroke motorcycle
engine (Yamaha FZR600); includes block diagrams, schematics,
algorithms, and some sample source code (more available on request)
EDN: "MOSFETs and IGBTs differ in drive methods and protection needs"
by Bill Travis. EDN, March 1, 1996 issue pg 123-132.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Application notes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
TPU application notes from Motorola:
TPUPN14/D Position-Synchronized Pulse Generator (PSP)
TPUPN15A/D Period Measurement with Additional Transition Dectection
Function (PMA)
TPUPN15B/D Period Measurement with Missing Transition Detection
TPU Function (PMM)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Internet/WWW references
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
http://ram.chem.tulane.edu:8080/f-body/trivia/o2sensor.html
O2 sensor information
http://www.st.com/STonLINE/books/pdf/alpha/an/index.html
SGS Thompson Application notes have some info about protecting
automobile electronics
* AN553/1292 - Protection Standards Applicable to Automobiles
* AN554/0393 - Choice of Protection in Automotive Applications
* AN555/0393 - Automotive Protection with the RBOxx Series.
The home page for the DIY-EFI mailing list:
http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca:80/~fridman/diy_efi/
The home page for the EFI-332 mailing list:
http://www.cim.swin.edu.au/~aden/web-docs/efi332/332_index.html
More information about the Diy_efi
mailing list